^(?!\d*?(\d)\d*?\1)\d{5,10}$

?php
$str = '123456789';
$search = '/^(?!\d*?(\d)\d*?\1)\d{5,10}$/';
$result = preg_match($search,$str);

echo '匹配無重復的5到10位數字br />';
if($result>0) {
echo '符合';
}else {
echo '不符合';
}
?>