日常維護中，經常會碰到線程被阻塞，導致數據庫響應非常慢，下面就看看如何獲取是哪個線程導致了阻塞的。
1. 環境說明
RHEL 6.4 x86_64 + MySQL 5.6.19
事務隔離級別：RR
2. 測試過程
3. 查看鎖阻塞線程信息
這里用幾中方法進行分析：
3.1 使用show processlist查看
MySQL [(none)]> show processlist;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+--------------+------------------------------------------+
| 2 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | init | show processlist |
| 3 | root | localhost | test | Query | 70 | Sending data | select count(*) from t3 a,t3 b |
| 4 | root | localhost | test | Query | 65 | updating | delete from emp where empno=7788 |
| 7 | root | localhost | test | Query | 68 | updating | update emp set sal=3500 where empno=7788 |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+--------------+------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
如果數據庫存在較多線程的話，這種方法確實不太好確認的。
3.2 直接使用show engine innodb status查看
------------
TRANSACTIONS
------------
Trx id counter 4131
Purge done for trx's n:o 4119 undo n:o 0 state: running but idle
History list length 126
LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION:
---TRANSACTION 0, not started
MySQL thread id 2, OS thread handle 0x7f953ffff700, query id 115 localhost root init
show engine innodb status
---TRANSACTION 4130, ACTIVE 41 sec starting index read
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
LOCK WAIT 2 lock struct(s), heap size 360, 1 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 4, OS thread handle 0x7f953ff9d700, query id 112 localhost root updating
delete from emp where empno=7788
------- TRX HAS BEEN WAITING 41 SEC FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: ## 等待了41s
RECORD LOCKS space id 16 page no 3 n bits 88 index `PRIMARY` of table `test`.`emp` trx id 4130 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
Record lock, heap no 9 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 10; compact format; info bits 0 ## 線程4在等待往test.emp中的主鍵上加X鎖，page num=3
0: len 4; hex 80001e6c; asc l;;
1: len 6; hex 000000001018; asc ;;
2: len 7; hex 91000001420084; asc B ;;
3: len 5; hex 53434f5454; asc SCOTT;;
4: len 7; hex 414e414c595354; asc ANALYST;;
5: len 4; hex 80001d8e; asc ;;
6: len 4; hex 208794f0; asc ;;
7: len 4; hex 80000bb8; asc ;;
8: SQL NULL;
9: len 4; hex 80000014; asc ;;
------------------
---TRANSACTION 4129, ACTIVE 45 sec starting index read
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
LOCK WAIT 2 lock struct(s), heap size 360, 1 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 7, OS thread handle 0x7f953ff6c700, query id 111 localhost root updating
update emp set sal=3500 where empno=7788
------- TRX HAS BEEN WAITING 45 SEC FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: ## 等待了45s
RECORD LOCKS space id 16 page no 3 n bits 88 index `PRIMARY` of table `test`.`emp` trx id 4129 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
Record lock, heap no 9 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 10; compact format; info bits 0 ## 線程7在等待往test.emp中的主鍵上加X鎖，page num=3
0: len 4; hex 80001e6c; asc l;;
1: len 6; hex 000000001018; asc ;;
2: len 7; hex 91000001420084; asc B ;;
3: len 5; hex 53434f5454; asc SCOTT;;
4: len 7; hex 414e414c595354; asc ANALYST;;
5: len 4; hex 80001d8e; asc ;;
6: len 4; hex 208794f0; asc ;;
7: len 4; hex 80000bb8; asc ;;
8: SQL NULL;
9: len 4; hex 80000014; asc ;;
------------------
---TRANSACTION 4128, ACTIVE 51 sec
2 lock struct(s), heap size 360, 1 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 3, OS thread handle 0x7f953ffce700, query id 110 localhost root cleaning up
我們知道，主要根因還是thread=3引起的，但從innodb status中卻無法分析得到這個結果。
從上面來看，線程4和線程7都在等待往test.emp中的主鍵上加X鎖，page num=3，但是線程7等待的時間為45s，而線程4等待的時間為41s，是較線程7之后申請的鎖，所以可以判斷是線程7阻塞了線程4。至于線程7為什么出現等待，這里分析不到根因。
3.3 使用mysqladmin debug查看
# mysqladmin -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock debug
然后在error日志中，會看到：
Thread database.table_name Locked/Waiting Lock_type
3 test.t3 Locked - read Low priority read lock
7 test.emp Locked - write High priority write lock
這種方法中，能找到線程ID=3和7是阻塞者，但還是不太準確，判斷不出來線程7也是被線程ID=3阻塞的。
3.4 使用innodb_lock_monitor來獲取阻塞鎖線程
MySQL [test]> CREATE TABLE innodb_lock_monitor (a INT) ENGINE=INNODB; ## 隨便在一個數據庫中創建這個表，就會打開lock monitor
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.07 sec)
MySQL [test]> show warnings\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Level: Warning
Code: 131
Message: Using the table name innodb_lock_monitor to enable diagnostic output is deprecated and may be removed in future releases. Use INFORMATION_SCHEMA or PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA tables or SET GLOBAL innodb_status_output=ON.
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
說明：這個在5.6中有一個warning，但不影響使用。
然后再使用show engine innodb status查看：
------------
TRANSACTIONS
------------
Trx id counter 4667
Purge done for trx's n:o 4659 undo n:o 0 state: running but idle
History list length 138
LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION:
---TRANSACTION 0, not started
MySQL thread id 9, OS thread handle 0x7f813c5f7700, query id 152 localhost root init
show engine innodb status
---TRANSACTION 4663, ACTIVE 78 sec starting index read
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
LOCK WAIT 2 lock struct(s), heap size 360, 1 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 4, OS thread handle 0x7f813c628700, query id 149 localhost root updating
delete from emp where empno=7788
------- TRX HAS BEEN WAITING 78 SEC FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: ## 等待了78s
RECORD LOCKS space id 16 page no 3 n bits 88 index `PRIMARY` of table `test`.`emp` trx id 4663 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
Record lock, heap no 9 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 10; compact format; info bits 0 ## 線程4在等待往test.emp中的主鍵上加X鎖，page num=3
0: len 4; hex 80001e6c; asc l;;
1: len 6; hex 000000001018; asc ;;
2: len 7; hex 91000001420084; asc B ;;
3: len 5; hex 53434f5454; asc SCOTT;;
4: len 7; hex 414e414c595354; asc ANALYST;;
5: len 4; hex 80001d8e; asc ;;
6: len 4; hex 208794f0; asc ;;
7: len 4; hex 80000bb8; asc ;;
8: SQL NULL;
9: len 4; hex 80000014; asc ;;
------------------
TABLE LOCK table `test`.`emp` trx id 4663 lock mode IX ## 在給主鍵行上加X鎖之前，先要在表上加意向鎖IX
RECORD LOCKS space id 16 page no 3 n bits 88 index `PRIMARY` of table `test`.`emp` trx id 4663 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
Record lock, heap no 9 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 10; compact format; info bits 0
0: len 4; hex 80001e6c; asc l;;
1: len 6; hex 000000001018; asc ;;
2: len 7; hex 91000001420084; asc B ;;
3: len 5; hex 53434f5454; asc SCOTT;;
4: len 7; hex 414e414c595354; asc ANALYST;;
5: len 4; hex 80001d8e; asc ;;
6: len 4; hex 208794f0; asc ;;
7: len 4; hex 80000bb8; asc ;;
8: SQL NULL;
9: len 4; hex 80000014; asc ;;
---TRANSACTION 4662, ACTIVE 81 sec starting index read
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
LOCK WAIT 2 lock struct(s), heap size 360, 1 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 7, OS thread handle 0x7f813c5c6700, query id 148 localhost root updating
update emp set sal=3500 where empno=7788
------- TRX HAS BEEN WAITING 81 SEC FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: ## 等待了81s
RECORD LOCKS space id 16 page no 3 n bits 88 index `PRIMARY` of table `test`.`emp` trx id 4662 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
Record lock, heap no 9 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 10; compact format; info bits 0 ## 線程7在等待往test.emp中的主鍵上加X鎖，page num=3
0: len 4; hex 80001e6c; asc l;;
1: len 6; hex 000000001018; asc ;;
2: len 7; hex 91000001420084; asc B ;;
3: len 5; hex 53434f5454; asc SCOTT;;
4: len 7; hex 414e414c595354; asc ANALYST;;
5: len 4; hex 80001d8e; asc ;;
6: len 4; hex 208794f0; asc ;;
7: len 4; hex 80000bb8; asc ;;
8: SQL NULL;
9: len 4; hex 80000014; asc ;;
------------------
TABLE LOCK table `test`.`emp` trx id 4662 lock mode IX ## 在給主鍵行上加X鎖之前，先要在表上加意向鎖IX
RECORD LOCKS space id 16 page no 3 n bits 88 index `PRIMARY` of table `test`.`emp` trx id 4662 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
Record lock, heap no 9 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 10; compact format; info bits 0
0: len 4; hex 80001e6c; asc l;;
1: len 6; hex 000000001018; asc ;;
2: len 7; hex 91000001420084; asc B ;;
3: len 5; hex 53434f5454; asc SCOTT;;
4: len 7; hex 414e414c595354; asc ANALYST;;
5: len 4; hex 80001d8e; asc ;;
6: len 4; hex 208794f0; asc ;;
7: len 4; hex 80000bb8; asc ;;
8: SQL NULL;
9: len 4; hex 80000014; asc ;;
---TRANSACTION 4615, ACTIVE 1579 sec, thread declared inside InnoDB 1222
mysql tables in use 2, locked 0
2 lock struct(s), heap size 360, 1 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 3, OS thread handle 0x7f813c659700, query id 147 localhost root Sending data
select count(*) from t3 a,t3 b ## 這是線程3當前正在執行的SQL
Trx read view will not see trx with id >= 4662, sees 4659
TABLE LOCK table `test`.`emp` trx id 4615 lock mode IX ## 線程3中正在擁有表上的意向IX鎖，并且有test.emp表上主鍵的行級X鎖，page num=3
RECORD LOCKS space id 16 page no 3 n bits 88 index `PRIMARY` of table `test`.`emp` trx id 4615 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap
Record lock, heap no 9 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 10; compact format; info bits 0
0: len 4; hex 80001e6c; asc l;;
1: len 6; hex 000000001018; asc ;;
2: len 7; hex 91000001420084; asc B ;;
3: len 5; hex 53434f5454; asc SCOTT;;
4: len 7; hex 414e414c595354; asc ANALYST;;
5: len 4; hex 80001d8e; asc ;;
6: len 4; hex 208794f0; asc ;;
7: len 4; hex 80000bb8; asc ;;
8: SQL NULL;
9: len 4; hex 80000014; asc ;;
為什么線程3當前執行的是一個select t3表操作，但卻鎖住了test.emp表上page num=3？
有可能是線程3之前對test.emp表的操作事務沒有及時提交導致。
所以得出：線程3阻塞了線程7，而線程7又阻塞了線程4，所以根因就是線程3，讓線程3盡快提交或是kill掉即可。
4. 結論
在分析innodb中鎖阻塞時，幾種方法的對比情況：
（1）使用show processlist查看不靠譜；
（2）直接使用show engine innodb status查看，無法判斷到問題的根因；
（3）使用mysqladmin debug查看，能看到所有產生鎖的線程，但無法判斷哪個才是根因；
（4）開啟innodb_lock_monitor后，再使用show engine innodb status查看，能夠找到鎖阻塞的根因。
原文鏈接：https://blog.csdn.net/hw_libo/article/details/39080809
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