問題描述
MySQL 啟動報錯信息如下：
Starting mysqld (via systemctl):
Job for mysqld.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mysqld.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details、 [FAILED]
根據提示，使用 systemctl status mysqld.service 和 journalctl -xe 查看服務啟動失敗的原因。
[root@ ~]# systemctl status mysqld.servicemysqld.service - SYSV: MySQL database server.Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld)Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Wed 2016-01-20 18:26:57 CST; 40s agoDocs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)Process: 2979 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)Jan 20 18:26:56 spark01 systemd[1]: Starting SYSV: MySQL database server….Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 mysqld[2979]: MySQL Daemon failed to start.Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 mysqld[2979]: Starting mysqld: [FAILED]Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: mysqld.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: Failed to start SYSV: MySQL database server..Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: Unit mysqld.service entered failed state.Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: mysqld.service failed.[root@ ~]# journalctl -xeUnit session-2.scope has begun starting up.Jan 20 18:26:48 spark01 sshd[2916]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user spark by (uid=0)Jan 20 18:26:52 spark01 su[2944]: (to root) spark on pts/1Jan 20 18:26:52 spark01 su[2944]: pam_unix(su-l:session): session opened for user root by spark(uid=1000)Jan 20 18:26:56 spark01 polkitd[909]: Registered Authentication Agent for unix-process:2974:117137 (system bus name :1.25Jan 20 18:26:56 spark01 systemd[1]: Starting SYSV: MySQL database server….— Subject: Unit mysqld.service has begun start-up— Defined-By: systemd— Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel—— Unit mysqld.service has begun starting up.Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 mysqld[2979]: MySQL Daemon failed to start.Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 mysqld[2979]: Starting mysqld: [FAILED]Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: mysqld.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: Failed to start SYSV: MySQL database server..— Subject: Unit mysqld.service has failed— Defined-By: systemd— Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel—— Unit mysqld.service has failed.—— The result is failed.Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: Unit mysqld.service entered failed state.Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 systemd[1]: mysqld.service failed.Jan 20 18:26:57 spark01 polkitd[909]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:2974:117137 (system bus name :1.
這些信息并不能提供服務啟動失敗的真正原因。
查看 MySQL 的告警日志：
2016-01-20T10:00:19.935771Z 0 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Can't create/write to file ‘/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid' (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)2016-01-20T10:00:19.935795Z 0 [ERROR] Can't start server: can't create PID file: No such file or directory160120 18:00:20 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended
解決辦法
MySQL 服務在啟動的時候，不能創建 pid 文件。
在終端看一下該目錄是否存在，如果不存在，手動創建：
[root@ ~]# mkdir -p /var/run/mysqld/
再次嘗試啟動 MySQL 服務，報錯如下:
Starting mysqld (via systemctl):
Job for mysqld.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mysqld.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details. [FAILED]
查看 MySQL 的告警日志：
2016-01-20T10:28:37.183387Z 0 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Can't create/write to file ‘/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid' (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)2016-01-20T10:28:37.183431Z 0 [ERROR] Can't start server: can't create PID file: Permission denied160120 18:28:37 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended160120 18:32:06 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
權限不正確，/var/run/mysqld/ 的屬主和屬組還是 root，MySQL 并不能在其中創建文件后修改該目錄的屬主和屬組
[root@ ~]# ls -ld /var/run/mysqld/drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 40 Jan 20 18:28 /var/run/mysqld/
[root@ ~]# chown mysql.mysql /var/run/mysqld/
[root@ ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld startStarting mysqld (via systemctl): [ OK ]
總結
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