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Oracle LogMiner的使用實例代碼

LogMiner介紹

LogMiner是用于Oracle日志挖掘的利器。

百科解釋：

LogMiner 是Oracle公司從產(chǎn)品8i以后提供的一個實際非常有用的分析工具，使用該工具可以輕松獲得Oracle 重做日志文件（歸檔日志文件）中的具體內(nèi)容，LogMiner分析工具實際上是由一組PL/SQL包和一些動態(tài)視圖組成，它作為Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫的一部分來發(fā)布，是oracle公司提供的一個完全免費的工具。

本文主要演示LogMiner的使用，直觀展示LogMiner的作用。

環(huán)境：Oracle 11.2.0.4 RAC

1.查詢當(dāng)前日志組

使用sys用戶查詢Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫的當(dāng)前日志組:

--1.current log
SQL> select * from v$log;

 GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE#  BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS   FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
   1   1   29 52428800  512   2 YES INACTIVE    1547838 25-JUN-17   1547840 25-JUN-17
   2   1   30 52428800  512   2 NO CURRENT    1567897 27-JUN-17  2.8147E+14 27-JUN-17
   3   2   25 52428800  512   2 NO CURRENT    1567902 27-JUN-17  2.8147E+14
   4   2   24 52428800  512   2 YES INACTIVE    1567900 27-JUN-17   1567902 27-JUN-17

這里當(dāng)前日志（current）是：

thread 1 sequence 30

thread 2 sequence 25

2.業(yè)務(wù)用戶插入操作

模擬業(yè)務(wù)用戶jingyu插入T2表數(shù)據(jù)：

--2.業(yè)務(wù)用戶插入操作
sqlplus jingyu/jingyu@jyzhao
SQL> select count(1) from t2;

 COUNT(1)
----------
   0

SQL> insert into t2 select rownum, rownum, rownum, dbms_random.string('b',50) from dual connect by level = 100000 order by dbms_random.random;
commit;

100000 rows created.

SQL> 
Commit complete.
SQL> select count(1) from t2;

 COUNT(1)
----------
 100000

3.歸檔日志切換

為了區(qū)分每個日志的不同操作，這里對數(shù)據(jù)庫進行手工歸檔切換，模擬現(xiàn)實中實際的歸檔切換。

--3.模擬歸檔日志切換
SQL> alter system archive log current;

System altered.

SQL> select * from v$log;

 GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE#  BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS   FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
   1   1   31 52428800  512   2 NO CURRENT    1572517 27-JUN-17  2.8147E+14
   2   1   30 52428800  512   2 YES ACTIVE     1567897 27-JUN-17   1572517 27-JUN-17
   3   2   25 52428800  512   2 YES ACTIVE     1567902 27-JUN-17   1572521 27-JUN-17
   4   2   26 52428800  512   2 NO CURRENT    1572521 27-JUN-17  2.8147E+14

4.業(yè)務(wù)用戶插入操作

模擬業(yè)務(wù)用戶jingyu刪除T2表部分數(shù)據(jù)：

--4.業(yè)務(wù)用戶刪除操作

SQL> delete from t2 where id  10000;

9999 rows deleted.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select count(1) from t2;

 COUNT(1)
----------
  90001

5.歸檔日志切換

為了區(qū)分每個日志的不同操作，這里對數(shù)據(jù)庫進行手工歸檔切換，模擬現(xiàn)實中實際的歸檔切換。

--5.模擬歸檔日志切換
SQL> alter system archive log current;

System altered.

SQL> select * from v$log;

 GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE#  BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS   FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
   1   1   31 52428800  512   2 YES ACTIVE     1572517 27-JUN-17   1574293 27-JUN-17
   2   1   32 52428800  512   2 NO CURRENT    1574293 27-JUN-17  2.8147E+14
   3   2   27 52428800  512   2 NO CURRENT    1574296 27-JUN-17  2.8147E+14
   4   2   26 52428800  512   2 YES ACTIVE     1572521 27-JUN-17   1574296 27-JUN-17

6.業(yè)務(wù)用戶更新操作

模擬業(yè)務(wù)用戶jingyu更新T2表部分數(shù)據(jù)：

--6.業(yè)務(wù)用戶更新操作
SQL> update T2 SET contents = 'xxx' where id > 99998;

 
2 rows updated.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

7.歸檔日志切換

為了區(qū)分每個日志的不同操作，這里對數(shù)據(jù)庫進行手工歸檔切換，模擬現(xiàn)實中實際的歸檔切換。

--7.模擬歸檔日志切換
SQL> alter system archive log current;

System altered.

SQL> select * from v$log;

 GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE#  BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS   FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
   1   1   33 52428800  512   2 NO CURRENT    1575480 27-JUN-17  2.8147E+14
   2   1   32 52428800  512   2 YES ACTIVE     1574293 27-JUN-17   1575480 27-JUN-17
   3   2   27 52428800  512   2 YES ACTIVE     1574296 27-JUN-17   1575458 27-JUN-17
   4   2   28 52428800  512   2 NO CURRENT    1575458 27-JUN-17  2.8147E+14

8.確認需要分析的日志

確認之后需要使用LogMiner分析的日志：

--8.確認需要分析的日志
thread# 1 sequence# 30
thread# 2 sequence# 25
這部分日志肯定是有記錄插入操作

thread# 1 sequence# 31
thread# 2 sequence# 26
這部分日志肯定是有記錄刪除操作

thread# 1 sequence# 32
thread# 2 sequence# 27
這部分日志肯定是有記錄更新操作

9.備份歸檔日志

將相關(guān)的歸檔都copy備份出來：

--9. 將相關(guān)的歸檔都copy備份出來
RUN {
allocate channel dev1 device type disk format '/tmp/backup/arc_%h_%e_%t';

backup as copy archivelog sequence 30 thread 1;
backup as copy archivelog sequence 31 thread 1;
backup as copy archivelog sequence 32 thread 1;
backup as copy archivelog sequence 25 thread 2;
backup as copy archivelog sequence 26 thread 2;
backup as copy archivelog sequence 27 thread 2;

release channel dev1;
}

備份出來的歸檔日志文件如下：

[oracle@jyrac1 backup]$ ls -lrth
total 17M
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 2.3M Jun 27 21:50 arc_1_30_947800247
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 591K Jun 27 21:50 arc_1_31_947800249
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 143K Jun 27 21:50 arc_1_32_947800250
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 9.5M Jun 27 21:50 arc_2_25_947800251
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 3.6M Jun 27 21:50 arc_2_26_947800253
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 77K Jun 27 21:50 arc_2_27_947800254

10.使用LogMiner分析

使用LogMiner分析歸檔日志：

--使用LogMiner分析歸檔日志
--應(yīng)該有插入操作的日志
begin
 dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('/tmp/backup/arc_1_30_947800247');
 dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('/tmp/backup/arc_2_25_947800251');
 dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(Options=>dbms_logmnr.dict_from_online_catalog);
end;
/

--應(yīng)該有刪除操作的日志
begin
 dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('/tmp/backup/arc_1_31_947800249');
 dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('/tmp/backup/arc_2_26_947800253');
 dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(Options=>dbms_logmnr.dict_from_online_catalog);
end;
/

--應(yīng)該有更新操作的日志
begin
 dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('/tmp/backup/arc_1_32_947800250');
 dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('/tmp/backup/arc_2_27_947800254');
 dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(Options=>dbms_logmnr.dict_from_online_catalog);
end;
/

查詢v$logmnr_contents

set lines 180 pages 500
col username format a8
col sql_redo format a50 
select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where table_name='T2'; 
select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where username='JINGYU';

select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where sql_redo like '%JINGYU%';

select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where sql_redo like 'insert%JINGYU%';
select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where sql_redo like 'delete%JINGYU%';
select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where sql_redo like 'update%JINGYU%';

實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，以username為條件無法查詢到相關(guān)記錄，最終確認username都是unknown而不是真正執(zhí)行語句的業(yè)務(wù)用戶jingyu。

而挖掘出的日志sql_redo這個字段是完整的SQL，可以采用like的方式查詢，比如我分析更新操作的日志，就可以得到下面這樣的結(jié)果：

SQL> --應(yīng)該有更新操作的日志
SQL> begin
 2  dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('/tmp/backup/arc_1_32_947800250');
 3  dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('/tmp/backup/arc_2_27_947800254');
 4  dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(Options=>dbms_logmnr.dict_from_online_catalog);
 5 end;
 6 /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select count(1) from v$logmnr_contents;

 COUNT(1)
----------
  388

SQL> select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where username='JINGYU';

no rows selected

SQL> select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where sql_redo like '%JINGYU%';

USERNAME        SCN TIMESTAMP
------------------------------ ---------- ------------
SQL_REDO
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNKNOWN       1575420 27-JUN-17
update "JINGYU"."T2" set "CONTENTS" = 'xxx' where "CONTENTS" = 'YSWGNNLCLMYWPSLQ
ETVLGQJRKQIEAMOEYUFNRUQULVFRVPEDRV' and ROWID = 'AAAVWVAAGAAAAHnABj';

UNKNOWN       1575420 27-JUN-17
update "JINGYU"."T2" set "CONTENTS" = 'xxx' where "CONTENTS" = 'WHCWFOZVLJWHFWLJ
DNVSMQTORGJFFXYADIOJZWJCDDOYXAOQJG' and ROWID = 'AAAVWVAAGAAAAOYAAE';


SQL>

至此，LogMiner基本的操作實驗已完成。

附：與LogMiner有關(guān)的一些操作命令參考：

conn / as sysdba
--安裝LOGMINER
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/dbmslmd.sql;
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/dbmslm.sql;
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/dbmslms.sql;
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/prvtlm.plb;

--停止logmnr
exec dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr
 
--查詢附加日志開啟情況：
select supplemental_log_data_min, supplemental_log_data_pk, supplemental_log_data_ui from v$database; 

--開啟附加日志
alter database add supplemental log data;

--取消補充日志
alter database drop supplemental log data (primary key) columns;
alter database drop supplemental log data (unique) columns;
alter database drop supplemental log data;

--最后一個即為新的歸檔
select name,dest_id,thread#,sequence# from v$archived_log;

最后確認如果開啟了附加日志，username就可以捕獲到正確的值：

SQL> set lines 180
SQL> /

 GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE#  BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS   FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
   1   1   35 52428800  512   2 YES INACTIVE    1590589 27-JUN-17   1591935 27-JUN-17
   2   1   36 52428800  512   2 NO CURRENT    1591935 27-JUN-17  2.8147E+14
   3   2   29 52428800  512   2 YES INACTIVE    1590594 27-JUN-17   1591938 27-JUN-17
   4   2   30 52428800  512   2 NO CURRENT    1591938 27-JUN-17  2.8147E+14

1,36
2,30
SQL> update t2 set contents = 
 2 'aaa' where id = 44449;

1 row updated.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

RUN {
allocate channel dev1 device type disk format '/tmp/backup/arc_%h_%e_%t';

backup as copy archivelog sequence 36 thread 1;
backup as copy archivelog sequence 30 thread 2;

release channel dev1;
}

begin
 dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('/tmp/backup/arc_1_36_947808116');
 dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('/tmp/backup/arc_2_30_947808118');
 dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(Options=>dbms_logmnr.dict_from_online_catalog);
end;
/

SQL> select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where username='JINGYU';

USERNAME        SCN TIMESTAMP
------------------------------ ---------- ------------
SQL_REDO
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JINGYU       1593448 27-JUN-17
set transaction read write;

JINGYU       1593448 27-JUN-17
update "JINGYU"."T2" set "CONTENTS" = 'aaa' where "CONTENTS" = 'WZTSQZWYOCNDFKSMNJQLOLFUBRDOHCBMKXBHAPJSHCMWBYZJVH' and ROWID = 'AAAVWVAAGAAAACLAAL';

JINGYU       1593450 27-JUN-17
commit;

可以看到，開啟了附加日志，就可以正常顯示username的信息了。

總結(jié)

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