目錄
- 說明
- 1. Django項目和應用創建
- 2. 自定義User表
- 3. 序列化和路由
- 3. DRF配置
- 4. 同步數據庫
- 5. 測試
- 6. 命令行注冊用戶
說明
Django 默認的用戶表 auth_user 包含 id, password, last_login, is_superuser, username, last_name, email, is_staff, is_active, date_joined, first_name 字段。這些基本字段不夠用時，在此基本表上拓展字段是很好選擇。本文介紹在 DRF(Django Rest Framework) 上使用自定義用戶表進行接口訪問控制的功能設計。
1. Django項目和應用創建
先裝必要的模塊
pip install django
pip install djangorestframework
創建項目文件夾、項目和應用
E:\SweetYaya> mkdir MyProj01
E:\SweetYaya> cd MyProj01
E:\SweetYaya\MyProj01> django-admin startproject MyProj01 .
E:\SweetYaya\MyProj01> django-admin startapp MyApp
同步數據庫
E:\SweetYaya\MyProj01> python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
...
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
執行如下命令后測試訪問 http://127.0.0.1:8000/
E:\SweetYaya\MyProj01>python manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
June 07, 2021 - 21:16:57
Django version 3.2.4, using settings 'MyProj01.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
2. 自定義User表
打開 MyApp/models.py 文件，創建繼承自 AbstractUser 的 UserProfile 類，給它添加 name 和 mobile 字段，它就是我們自定義的用戶表。
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
name = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="姓名")
mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name="電話")
class Meta:
verbose_name = "用戶"
verbose_name_plural = "用戶"
def __str__(self):
return self.name
3. 序列化和路由
我們直接在 MyProj01/url.py 中進行定義序列化方法和路由配置
from django.urls import path, include
from MyApp.models import UserProfile
from rest_framework import routers, serializers, viewsets
# Serializers define the API representation.
class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = UserProfile
fields = ['url', 'username', 'name', 'mobile', 'email', 'is_staff']
# ViewSets define the view behavior.
class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = UserProfile.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
# Routers provide an easy way of automatically determining the URL conf.
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register('users', UserViewSet)
# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.
urlpatterns = [
path('', include(router.urls)),
path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]
3. DRF配置
找到 MyProj01/settings.py ，做如下配置
加入上面創建的應用和 rest_framework
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
...
'rest_framework',
'MyApp',
]
添加全局認證設置
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated'
]
}
修改默認用戶表，至此 settings.py 全部配置完成了。
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'MyApp.UserProfile'
4. 同步數據庫
執行 makemigrations 命令
E:\SweetYaya\MyProj01> python manage.py makemigrations
Migrations for 'MyApp':
MyApp\migrations\0001_initial.py
- Create model UserProfile
執行 migrate 命令出現如下錯誤
E:\SweetYaya\MyProj01> python manage.py migrate
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 22, in module>
main()
File "manage.py", line 18, in main
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "D:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 419, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "D:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 413, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "D:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 354, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "D:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 398, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "D:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 89, in wrapped
res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)
File "D:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\migrate.py", line 95, in handle
executor.loader.check_consistent_history(connection)
File "D:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 310, in check_consistent_history
connection.alias,
django.db.migrations.exceptions.InconsistentMigrationHistory: Migration admin.0001_initial is applied before its dependency MyApp.0001_initial on database 'default'.
解決辦法
先 makemigrations打開 settings.py ，注釋掉 INSTALL_APPS 中的
'django.contrib.admin',打開 urls.py ，注釋掉 urlpatterns 中的 admin，再 migrate 就不報錯了。最后注意把注釋內容恢復回來就好了。
E:\SweetYaya\MyProj01> python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: MyApp, admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
...
Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
5. 測試
執行命令
E:\SweetYaya\MyProj01>python manage.py runserver
訪問 http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/ 出現結果如下，此時表明配置成功，但是尚未進行用戶登錄無權訪問。
6. 命令行注冊用戶
進入 Python Shell
E:\SweetYaya\MyProj01> python manage.py shell
Python 3.6.6 (v3.6.6:4cf1f54eb7, Jun 27 2018, 03:37:03) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 6.5.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.
鍵入如下代碼
In [1]: from MyApp.models import UserProfile
In [2]: from django.contrib.auth.hashers import make_password
In [3]: ist = UserProfile(username='guest01',password=make_password('123456'))
In [4]: ist.save()
In [5]: ist = UserProfile(username='guest02',password=make_password('123456'))
In [6]: ist.save()
然后在數據庫中查看 MyApp_userprofile 表發現多了兩條記錄，添加成功，繼續訪問 http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/ 地址，使用用戶密碼登錄可見如下。測試完成。
到此這篇關于Django rest framework如何自定義用戶表的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關Django rest framework自定義用戶表內容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！
您可能感興趣的文章:- Django restframework 框架認證、權限、限流用法示例
- DjangoRestFramework 使用 simpleJWT 登陸認證完整記錄
- 深度解析Django REST Framework 批量操作
- Python3+PyCharm+Django+Django REST framework配置與簡單開發教程
- Django REST Framework 分頁(Pagination)詳解
- Django restful framework生成API文檔過程詳解
- 自定義Django_rest_framework_jwt登陸錯誤返回的解決
- django rest framework使用django-filter用法
- django restframework serializer 增加自定義字段操作
- Django REST framework 限流功能的使用
