概述
數據庫中的數據直接呈現出來一般不是我們想要的,所以我們上兩節演示了如何對數據進行過濾的方法。除了對數據進行過濾,
我們可能還需要對數據進行排序,比如想從列表中了解消費最高的項,就可能需要對金額字段做降序排序,想看年齡從小到大的分布情況,就可能需要對user表的age字段進行升序排序。
也可能需要對數據進行限制,比如我們需要對付款的1~10,11~20,21~30 名的用戶分別贈予不同的禮品,這時候對數據的限制就很有用了。
備注:下面腳本中[]包含的表示可選,| 分隔符表示可選其一。
數據排序 order by
語法格式如下:
1、需要排序的字段跟在order by之后;
2、asc 和 desc表示排序的規則,asc:升序,desc:降序,默認為升序 asc;
3、排序可以指定多次字段,多字段排序之間用逗號隔開。
4、多字段排序中,越靠前優先級越高,下面中cname1優先排序,當cname1等值的時候,cname2開始排序,直至所有字段都排序完。
select cname from tname order by cname1 [asc|desc],cname2 [asc|desc]...;
單個字段排序
舉個例子,在銷售額中通按照交易的訂單進行金額額度降序的方式顯示:
mysql> select * from t_order;
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| orderid | account | amount | goods |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| 8 | brand | 52.2 | 2 |
| 9 | hen | 1752.02 | 7 |
| 10 | helyn | 88.5 | 4 |
| 11 | sol | 1007.9 | 11 |
| 12 | diny | 12 | 1 |
| 13 | weng | 52.2 | 5 |
| 14 | sally | 99.71 | 9 |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
7 rows in set
mysql> select * from t_order order by amount desc;
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| orderid | account | amount | goods |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| 9 | hen | 1752.02 | 7 |
| 11 | sol | 1007.9 | 11 |
| 14 | sally | 99.71 | 9 |
| 10 | helyn | 88.5 | 4 |
| 8 | brand | 52.2 | 2 |
| 13 | weng | 52.2 | 5 |
| 12 | diny | 12 | 1 |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
7 rows in set
多個字段排序
多個字段排序用逗號隔開,優先級從左到右逐次遞減,如下圖,如果金額一致,則按照購買商品數量從多到少排序:
mysql> select * from t_order order by amount desc,goods desc;
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| orderid | account | amount | goods |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| 9 | hen | 1752.02 | 7 |
| 11 | sol | 1007.9 | 11 |
| 14 | sally | 99.71 | 9 |
| 10 | helyn | 88.5 | 4 |
| 13 | weng | 52.2 | 5 |
| 8 | brand | 52.2 | 2 |
| 12 | diny | 12 | 1 |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
7 rows in set
按alias排序
按照別名排序或者做條件查詢的目的都是為了簡化代碼,方便使用,別名可以是英文,也可以是中文:
mysql> select account as ac,amount as am,goods as gd from t_order order by am,gd desc;
+-------+---------+----+
| ac | am | gd |
+-------+---------+----+
| diny | 12 | 1 |
| weng | 52.2 | 5 |
| brand | 52.2 | 2 |
| helyn | 88.5 | 4 |
| sally | 99.71 | 9 |
| sol | 1007.9 | 11 |
| hen | 1752.02 | 7 |
+-------+---------+----+
7 rows in set
字段排序中使用函數
下面使用了abs取絕對值函數,所以在 am字段降序排序中,-99.99 排在 99.71之上。
mysql> select * from t_order;
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| orderid | account | amount | goods |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| 8 | brand | 52.2 | 2 |
| 9 | hen | 1752.02 | 7 |
| 10 | helyn | 88.5 | 4 |
| 11 | sol | 1007.9 | 11 |
| 12 | diny | 12 | 1 |
| 13 | weng | 52.2 | 5 |
| 14 | sally | 99.71 | 9 |
| 15 | brand1 | -99.99 | 5 |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
8 rows in set
mysql> select account as ac,amount as am,goods as gd from t_order order by abs(am) desc;
+--------+---------+----+
| ac | am | gd |
+--------+---------+----+
| hen | 1752.02 | 7 |
| sol | 1007.9 | 11 |
| brand1 | -99.99 | 5 |
| sally | 99.71 | 9 |
| helyn | 88.5 | 4 |
| brand | 52.2 | 2 |
| weng | 52.2 | 5 |
| diny | 12 | 1 |
+--------+---------+----+
8 rows in set
與Where條件結合使用
order 在 where 條件之后,根據where已經過濾好的數據再進行排序。下面是過濾出購買金額>80 且 購買數量>5的數據,并且按照價格降序排序。
mysql> select * from t_order;
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| orderid | account | amount | goods |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| 8 | brand | 52.2 | 2 |
| 9 | hen | 1752.02 | 7 |
| 10 | helyn | 88.5 | 4 |
| 11 | sol | 1007.9 | 11 |
| 12 | diny | 12 | 1 |
| 13 | weng | 52.2 | 5 |
| 14 | sally | 99.71 | 9 |
| 15 | brand1 | -99.99 | 5 |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
8 rows in set
mysql> select * from t_order where amount>80 and goods>5 order by amount desc;
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| orderid | account | amount | goods |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| 9 | hen | 1752.02 | 7 |
| 11 | sol | 1007.9 | 11 |
| 14 | sally | 99.71 | 9 |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
數據limit
很多時候我們過濾出符合要求的數據之后,還需要得到這些數據中的某一個具體區間,比如對付款超過1000的用戶的第1~10,11~20,21~30 名分別贈予不同的禮品,這時候就要使用limit操作了。
limit用來限制select查詢返回的數據,常用于數據排行或者分頁等情況。
語法格式如下:
select cname from tname limit [offset,] count;
1、offset表示偏移量,就是指跳過的行數,可以省略不寫,默認為0,表示跳過0行,如 limit 8 等同于 limit 0,8。
2、count:跳過偏移量offset之后開始取的數據行數,有count行。
3、limit中offset和count的值不能用表達式。
獲取前n條記錄
如下圖,limit n 和 limit 0,n 是一致的:
mysql> select * from t_order;
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| orderid | account | amount | goods |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| 8 | brand | 52.2 | 2 |
| 9 | hen | 1752.02 | 7 |
| 10 | helyn | 88.5 | 4 |
| 11 | sol | 1007.9 | 11 |
| 12 | diny | 12 | 1 |
| 13 | weng | 52.2 | 5 |
| 14 | sally | 99.71 | 9 |
| 15 | brand1 | -99.99 | 5 |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
8 rows in set
mysql> select * from t_order limit 2
;
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| orderid | account | amount | goods |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| 8 | brand | 52.2 | 2 |
| 9 | hen | 1752.02 | 7 |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
2 rows in set
mysql> select * from t_order limit 0,2;
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| orderid | account | amount | goods |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| 8 | brand | 52.2 | 2 |
| 9 | hen | 1752.02 | 7 |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
2 rows in set
limit限制單條記錄
這邊我們獲取支付金額中最大和最小的的一條記錄。可以先使用 order 條件進行排序,然后limit 第1條記錄即可:
mysql> select * from t_order;
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| orderid | account | amount | goods |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| 8 | brand | 52.2 | 2 |
| 9 | hen | 1752.02 | 7 |
| 10 | helyn | 88.5 | 4 |
| 11 | sol | 1007.9 | 11 |
| 12 | diny | 12 | 1 |
| 13 | weng | 52.2 | 5 |
| 14 | sally | 99.71 | 9 |
| 15 | brand1 | -99.99 | 5 |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
8 rows in set
mysql> select * from t_order where amount>0 order by amount desc limit 1;
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| orderid | account | amount | goods |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
| 9 | hen | 1752.02 | 7 |
+---------+---------+---------+-------+
1 row in set
mysql> select * from t_order where amount>0 order by amount asc limit 1;
+---------+---------+--------+-------+
| orderid | account | amount | goods |
+---------+---------+--------+-------+
| 12 | diny | 12 | 1 |
+---------+---------+--------+-------+
1 row in set
以上就是MySQL 查詢的排序、分頁相關的詳細內容,更多關于MySQL 查詢的資料請關注腳本之家其它相關文章!
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