本篇內(nèi)容主要給大家講解一下如何在linux下安裝MYSQL數(shù)據(jù)庫，并以安裝MYSQL5.6版本為例子教給大家進(jìn)行登錄用戶名和密碼的修改等操作。

源碼下載地址http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.6.html#downloads

tar.gz地址：https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.37.tar.gz

選擇Generic Linux (Architecture Independent), Compressed TAR Archive

選擇 No thanks, just start my download. 開始下載

操作系統(tǒng)：

centos6.5 x86_64

一、yum安裝相關(guān)依賴

# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 autoconf automake zlib* fiex* libxml* ncurses-devel libmcrypt* libtool-ltdl-devel* make cmake bison git openssl openssl-devel

二、編譯安裝

1.添加用戶

groupadd mysql

useradd -r -g mysql mysql

2.編譯安裝

tar xf mysql-5.6.34.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.6.34

#默認(rèn)情況下是安裝在/usr/local/mysql

# cmake編譯參數(shù)可以自己調(diào)整

************************************************************** 
-- Looking for asprintf 
-- Looking for asprintf - found 
-- Check size of pthread_t 
-- Check size of pthread_t - done 
-- Using cmake version 2.8.12.2 
-- Not building NDB 
-- Performing Test HAVE_PEERCRED 
-- Performing Test HAVE_PEERCRED - Success 
-- Library mysqlclient depends on OSLIBS -lpthread;/usr/lib64/libz.so;m;rt;/usr/lib64/libssl.so;/usr/lib64/libcrypto.so;dl 
-- Googlemock was not found. gtest-based unit tests will be disabled. You can run cmake . -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 to automatically download and build required components from source. 
-- If you are inside a firewall, you may need to use an http proxy: export http_proxy=http://example.com:80 
-- Library mysqlserver depends on OSLIBS -lpthread;/usr/lib64/libz.so;m;rt;/usr/lib64/libssl.so;/usr/lib64/libcrypto.so;dl;crypt 
-- CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE: RelWithDebInfo 
-- COMPILE_DEFINITIONS: HAVE_CONFIG_H 
-- CMAKE_C_FLAGS: -Wall -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wvla -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement 
-- CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS: -Wall -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wvla -Woverloaded-virtual -Wno-unused-parameter 
-- CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO: -O3 -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -DDBUG_OFF 
-- CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO: -O3 -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -DDBUG_OFF 
-- Configuring done 
-- Generating done 
CMake Warning: 
 Manually-specified variables were not used by the project: 
  WITH_READLINE 
-- Build files have been written to: /root/mysql-5.6.34 

**************************************************************
cmake編譯報(bào)錯(cuò)需要?jiǎng)h除編譯緩存，修復(fù)錯(cuò)誤后再次重新編譯

rm -f CMakeCache.txt

3.make make install

注意事項(xiàng)：

重新編譯時(shí)，需要清除舊的對(duì)象文件和緩存信息。

# make clean

# rm -f CMakeCache.txt

# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

4.改變數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)目錄所有者為mysql

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mydata

5.啟動(dòng)腳本初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫

cd /usr/local/mysql

# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mydata

6.注冊(cè)服務(wù)

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

#使用默認(rèn)配置文件

cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

#讓chkconfig管理mysql服務(wù)

chkconfig --add mysqld

#開機(jī)啟動(dòng)

chkconfig mysqld on

編輯 vi /etc/my.cnf配置，加入以下內(nèi)容

innodb_file_per_table = 1

datadir = /data/mydata

log-bin=/data/binlogs/mysql-bin

注意：

經(jīng)過實(shí)際測(cè)試innodb_file_per_table = ON這條參數(shù)需要innodb_file_per_table = 1 才能生效，具體可以通過

mysql> show variables like '%per_table%';來查詢

mkdir /data/binlogs

chown -R mysql.mysql /data/binlogs

8.將mysql命令加入環(huán)境變量中

vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

加入

export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

默認(rèn)密碼為空

9修改 vi /etc/security/limits.conf，然后加入以下內(nèi)容，退出再重新登陸即可(不需要重啟，退出當(dāng)前的連接shell即可)

# ulimit -n 查看參數(shù)是否生效

* hard nofile 655350

* soft nofile 655350

否則報(bào)錯(cuò)如下：

錯(cuò)誤#23: Out of resources when opening file './XX/USER.MYD' (Errcode: 24)

同時(shí)

vim /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf

刪除如下這行接觸centos對(duì)文件操作句柄的限制：

*          soft    nproc     1024

關(guān)于mysql的啟動(dòng)和停止

/etc/init.d/mysqld start

/etc/init.d/mysqld stop

查看mysql是否已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)成功

ps -elf |grep mysql |grep -v grep

更改允許IP訪問（進(jìn)入 mysql：2.使用 mysql庫：3.查看用戶表 ：4.更新用戶表 ：5.強(qiáng)制刷新權(quán)限 ：）

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p 

use mysql; 

SELECT `Host`,`User` FROM user; 

UPDATE user SET `Host` = '%' WHERE `User` = 'root' LIMIT 1; 
flush privileges; 

更改mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫登錄用戶密碼  可使用navcat客戶端連接進(jìn)去更改登錄用戶的密碼

# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password: 【原始安裝默認(rèn)密碼空直接回車】

mysql>use mysql;

mysql> update user set password=passworD("root") where user='root';

mysql> flush privileges;

mysql> exit;

使用客戶端連接測(cè)試之前一定要開放防火墻3306的連接端口

vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables

在22端口之后即可

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

重啟防火墻即可生效

 service iptables restart