目錄
- 1.官方解決方案
- 2.刪減版解決方案
- 3.測試驗證方案
- 4.用戶最近一次的登錄時間
環境：Oracle 11.2.0.4
客戶需求：主要背景是數據庫中有很多業務用戶名，且由于部分用戶缺乏安全意識，甚至直接將自己的密碼設置為和用戶名一樣，目前客戶期望密碼設置不要過于簡單，最起碼別和用戶名一致或相似就好。
1.官方解決方案
實際上Oracle提供有一個非常好用的安全校驗函數，來提升用戶密碼的復雜性。這個在之前的文章《Oracle 11g 安全加固》中的“1.8.數據庫密碼安全性校驗函數”章節就已經有了確切的解決方案,核心內容如下：
select limit from dba_profiles where profile='DEFAULT' and resource_name='PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION';
prompt =============================
prompt == 8.數據庫密碼安全性校驗函數
prompt =============================
prompt 執行創建安全性校驗函數的腳本
@?/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg.sql
select limit from dba_profiles where profile='DEFAULT' and resource_name='PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION';
2.刪減版解決方案
上面這個自帶的安全性校驗函數對檢查過于嚴苛，而客戶目前的需求就只有一個，不允許密碼和用戶名完全一樣或過于相似就可以了。于是乎，我就從這個腳本中找到這項需求，把其他暫時不需要的部分全部去掉。這樣，就得到了如下的刪減版腳本：
Rem
Rem $Header: rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg1.sql /st_rdbms_11.2.0/1 2013/01/31 01:34:11 skayoor Exp $
Rem
Rem utlpwdmg.sql
Rem
Rem Copyright (c) 2006, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Rem All rights reserved.
Rem
Rem NAME
Rem utlpwdmg.sql - script for Default Password Resource Limits
Rem
Rem DESCRIPTION
Rem This is a script for enabling the password management features
Rem by setting the default password resource limits.
Rem
Rem NOTES
Rem This file contains a function for minimum checking of password
Rem complexity. This is more of a sample function that the customer
Rem can use to develop the function for actual complexity checks that the
Rem customer wants to make on the new password.
Rem
Rem MODIFIED (MM/DD/YY)
Rem skayoor 01/17/13 - Backport skayoor_bug-14671375 from main
Rem asurpur 05/30/06 - fix - 5246666 beef up password complexity check
Rem nireland 08/31/00 - Improve check for username=password. #1390553
Rem nireland 06/28/00 - Fix null old password test. #1341892
Rem asurpur 04/17/97 - Fix for bug479763
Rem asurpur 12/12/96 - Changing the name of password_verify_function
Rem asurpur 05/30/96 - New script for default password management
Rem asurpur 05/30/96 - Created
Rem
-- This script sets the default password resource parameters
-- This script needs to be run to enable the password features.
-- However the default resource parameters can be changed based
-- on the need.
-- A default password complexity function is also provided.
-- This function makes the minimum complexity checks like
-- the minimum length of the password, password not same as the
-- username, etc. The user may enhance this function according to
-- the need.
-- This function must be created in SYS schema.
-- connect sys/password> as sysdba before running the script
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION verify_function_11G_WJZYY
(username varchar2,
password varchar2,
old_password varchar2)
RETURN boolean IS
n boolean;
m integer;
differ integer;
isdigit boolean;
ischar boolean;
ispunct boolean;
db_name varchar2(40);
digitarray varchar2(20);
punctarray varchar2(25);
chararray varchar2(52);
i_char varchar2(10);
simple_password varchar2(10);
reverse_user varchar2(32);
BEGIN
digitarray:= '0123456789';
chararray:= 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
-- Check if the password is same as the username or username(1-100)
IF NLS_LOWER(password) = NLS_LOWER(username) THEN
raise_application_error(-20002, 'Password same as or similar to user');
END IF;
FOR i IN 1..100 LOOP
i_char := to_char(i);
if NLS_LOWER(username)|| i_char = NLS_LOWER(password) THEN
raise_application_error(-20005, 'Password same as or similar to user name ');
END IF;
END LOOP;
-- Everything is fine; return TRUE ;
RETURN(TRUE);
END;
/
GRANT EXECUTE ON verify_function_11G_WJZYY TO PUBLIC;
-- This script alters the default parameters for Password Management
-- This means that all the users on the system have Password Management
-- enabled and set to the following values unless another profile is
-- created with parameter values set to different value or UNLIMITED
-- is created and assigned to the user.
ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT
PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 180
PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION verify_function_11G_WJZYY;
我們將這個腳本，遵守之前Oracle的命名方式，將其命名為utlpwdmg1.sql，放在同樣的路徑下。
這樣，我們執行這個腳本就可以創建這個校驗函數：
3.測試驗證方案
將上面的刪減版腳本進行測試并驗證功能是否實現：
--執行腳本創建校驗函數
@?/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg1.sql
--確認執行成功
select limit from dba_profiles where profile='DEFAULT' and resource_name='PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION';
--將PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME修改為30（選做）
ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 30;
--查詢dba_profiles內容
select * from dba_profiles order by 1;
--查詢用戶狀態和過期時間
select USERNAME, PASSWORD, ACCOUNT_STATUS, LOCK_DATE, EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users;
測試用戶密碼不能與用戶名相同或者相似，否則會修改失敗：
--密碼與用戶名一樣，修改失敗：
SYS@jyzhao1 >alter user jingyu identified by jingyu;
alter user jingyu identified by jingyu
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-28003: password verification for the specified password failed
ORA-20002: Password same as or similar to user
--密碼與用戶名相似，修改失敗：
SYS@jyzhao1 >alter user jingyu identified by jingyu1;
alter user jingyu identified by jingyu1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-28003: password verification for the specified password failed
ORA-20005: Password same as or similar to user name
--密碼與用戶名不一致，修改成功：
SYS@jyzhao1 >alter user jingyu identified by alfred;
User altered.
4.用戶最近一次的登錄時間
11g默認開啟了審計，從aud$表中可以查到用戶最近登錄的時間：
--查詢數據庫時區
select property_value from database_properties where property_name='DBTIMEZONE';
--查詢aud$表
select MAX(to_char(a.ntimestamp#, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')) last_login,
u.username
from sys.aud$ a, dba_users u
where a.USERID(+) = u.username
and u.user_id > 90
group by u.username
ORDER BY 1;
結果示例：
SYS@jyzhao1 >select MAX(to_char(a.ntimestamp#, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')) last_login,
2 u.username
3 from sys.aud$ a, dba_users u
4 where a.USERID(+) = u.username
5 and u.user_id > 90
6 group by u.username
7 ORDER BY 1;
LAST_LOGIN USERNAME
------------------- ------------------------------
2018-04-17 07:16:46 JINGYU
TESTTESTTEST
XS$NULL
SYS@jyzhao1 >
上述查詢結果LAST_LOGIN為空的用戶，就是在審計中沒有記錄到該用戶的登錄信息。
總結
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的提升Oracle用戶密碼安全性的策略，希望對大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言，小編會及時回復大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對腳本之家網站的支持！
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