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6種查看Linux進(jìn)程占用端口號的方法詳解

對于 Linux 系統(tǒng)管理員來說，清楚某個(gè)服務(wù)是否正確地綁定或監(jiān)聽某個(gè)端口，是至關(guān)重要的。如果你需要處理端口相關(guān)的問題，這篇文章可能會對你有用。

端口是 Linux 系統(tǒng)上特定進(jìn)程之間邏輯連接的標(biāo)識，包括物理端口和軟件端口。由于 Linux 操作系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)軟件，因此本文只討論軟件端口。軟件端口始終與主機(jī)的 IP 地址和相關(guān)的通信協(xié)議相關(guān)聯(lián)，因此端口常用于區(qū)分應(yīng)用程序。大部分涉及到網(wǎng)絡(luò)的服務(wù)都必須打開一個(gè)套接字來監(jiān)聽傳入的網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求，而每個(gè)服務(wù)都使用一個(gè)獨(dú)立的套接字。

套接字是和 IP 地址、軟件端口和協(xié)議結(jié)合起來使用的，而端口號對傳輸控制協(xié)議（TCP）和用戶數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)協(xié)議（UDP）協(xié)議都適用，TCP 和 UDP 都可以使用 0 到 65535 之間的端口號進(jìn)行通信。

以下是端口分配類別：
0 - 1023：常用端口和系統(tǒng)端口
1024 - 49151：軟件的注冊端口
49152 - 65535：動態(tài)端口或私有端口

在 Linux 上的 /etc/services 文件可以查看到更多關(guān)于保留端口的信息。

# less /etc/services
# /etc/services:
# $Id: services,v 1.55 2013/04/14 ovasik Exp $
#
# Network services, Internet style
# IANA services version: last updated 2013-04-10
#
# Note that it is presently the policy of IANA to assign a single well-known
# port number for both TCP and UDP; hence, most entries here have two entries
# even if the protocol doesn't support UDP operations.
# Updated from RFC 1700, ``Assigned Numbers'' (October 1994). Not all ports
# are included, only the more common ones.
#
# The latest IANA port assignments can be gotten from
# http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
# The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.
# The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151
# The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535
#
# Each line describes one service, and is of the form:
#
# service-name port/protocol [aliases ...] [# comment]
tcpmux 1/tcp # TCP port service multiplexer
tcpmux 1/udp # TCP port service multiplexer
rje 5/tcp # Remote Job Entry
rje 5/udp # Remote Job Entry
echo 7/tcp
echo 7/udp
discard 9/tcp sink null
discard 9/udp sink null
systat 11/tcp users
systat 11/udp users
daytime 13/tcp
daytime 13/udp
qotd 17/tcp quote
qotd 17/udp quote
msp 18/tcp # message send protocol (historic)
msp 18/udp # message send protocol (historic)
chargen 19/tcp ttytst source
chargen 19/udp ttytst source
ftp-data 20/tcp
ftp-data 20/udp
# 21 is registered to ftp, but also used by fsp
ftp 21/tcp
ftp 21/udp fsp fspd
ssh 22/tcp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
ssh 22/udp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
telnet 23/tcp
telnet 23/udp
# 24 - private mail system
lmtp 24/tcp # LMTP Mail Delivery
lmtp 24/udp # LMTP Mail Delivery

可以使用以下六種方法查看端口信息。

ss：可以用于轉(zhuǎn)儲套接字統(tǒng)計(jì)信息。

netstat：可以顯示打開的套接字列表。

lsof：可以列出打開的文件。

fuser：可以列出那些打開了文件的進(jìn)程的進(jìn)程 ID。

nmap：是網(wǎng)絡(luò)檢測工具和端口掃描程序。

systemctl：是 systemd 系統(tǒng)的控制管理器和服務(wù)管理器。

以下我們將找出 sshd 守護(hù)進(jìn)程所使用的端口號。

方法 1：使用 ss 命令
ss 一般用于轉(zhuǎn)儲套接字統(tǒng)計(jì)信息。它能夠輸出類似于 netstat 輸出的信息，但它可以比其它工具顯示更多的 TCP 信息和狀態(tài)信息。

它還可以顯示所有類型的套接字統(tǒng)計(jì)信息，包括 PACKET、TCP、UDP、DCCP、RAW、Unix 域等。

# ss -tnlp | grep ssh
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

也可以使用端口號來檢查。

# ss -tnlp | grep ":22"
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

方法 2：使用 netstat 命令

netstat 能夠顯示網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接、路由表、接口統(tǒng)計(jì)信息、偽裝連接以及多播成員。

默認(rèn)情況下，netstat 會列出打開的套接字。如果不指定任何地址族，則會顯示所有已配置地址族的活動套接字。但 netstat 已經(jīng)過時(shí)了，一般會使用 ss 來替代。

# netstat -tnlp | grep ssh
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 997/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 997/sshd

也可以使用端口號來檢查。

# netstat -tnlp | grep ":22"
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1208/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1208/sshd

方法 3：使用 lsof 命令

lsof 能夠列出打開的文件，并列出系統(tǒng)上被進(jìn)程打開的文件的相關(guān)信息。

# lsof -i -P | grep ssh
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 11584 root 3u IPv4 27625 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11584 root 4u IPv6 27627 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

也可以使用端口號來檢查。

# lsof -i tcp:22
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 1208 root 3u IPv4 20919 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 1208 root 4u IPv6 20921 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

方法 4：使用 fuser 命令

fuser 工具會將本地系統(tǒng)上打開了文件的進(jìn)程的進(jìn)程 ID 顯示在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出中。

# fuser -v 22/tcp
 USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
22/tcp: root 1208 F.... sshd
 root 12388 F.... sshd
 root 49339 F.... sshd

方法 5：使用 nmap 命令

nmap（“Network Mapper”）是一款用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)檢測和安全審計(jì)的開源工具。它最初用于對大型網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行快速掃描，但它對于單個(gè)主機(jī)的掃描也有很好的表現(xiàn)。

nmap 使用原始 IP 數(shù)據(jù)包來確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)上可用的主機(jī)，這些主機(jī)的服務(wù)（包括應(yīng)用程序名稱和版本）、主機(jī)運(yùn)行的操作系統(tǒng)（包括操作系統(tǒng)版本等信息）、正在使用的數(shù)據(jù)包過濾器或防火墻的類型，以及很多其它信息。

# nmap -sV -p 22 localhost
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2018-09-23 12:36 IST
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.000089s latency).
Other addresses for localhost (not scanned): 127.0.0.1
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4 (protocol 2.0)
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.44 seconds

方法 6：使用 systemctl 命令

systemctl 是 systemd 系統(tǒng)的控制管理器和服務(wù)管理器。它取代了舊的 SysV 初始化系統(tǒng)管理，目前大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代 Linux 操作系統(tǒng)都采用了 systemd。

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Sun 2018-09-23 02:08:56 EDT; 6h 11min ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 11584 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 └─11584 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
Sep 23 02:09:15 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11589]: Connection closed by 103.5.134.167 port 49899 [preauth]
Sep 23 02:09:41 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11592]: Accepted password for root from 103.5.134.167 port 49902 ssh2

以上輸出的內(nèi)容顯示了最近一次啟動 sshd 服務(wù)時(shí) ssh 服務(wù)的監(jiān)聽端口。但它不會將最新日志更新到輸出中。

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-09-06 07:40:59 IST; 2 weeks 3 days ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 1208 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 ├─ 1208 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
 ├─23951 sshd: [accepted]
 └─23952 sshd: [net]
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: input_userauth_request: invalid user pi [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51670 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51670 [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51666 [preauth]

大部分情況下，以上的輸出不會顯示進(jìn)程的實(shí)際端口號。這時(shí)更建議使用以下這個(gè) journalctl 命令檢查日志文件中的詳細(xì)信息。

# journalctl | grep -i "openssh\|sshd"
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[997]: Received signal 15; terminating.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Stopping OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.

查看服務(wù)器占用端口是我們系統(tǒng)管理員必須掌握的技能，以上查看Linux進(jìn)程占用端口號的6種方法至少要會其中的一種

以下是端口分配類別：

0 - 1023：常用端口和系統(tǒng)端口

1024 - 49151：軟件的注冊端口

49152 - 65535：動態(tài)端口或私有端口

在 Linux 上的 /etc/services 文件可以查看到更多關(guān)于保留端口的信息。

# less /etc/services
# /etc/services:
# $Id: services,v 1.55 2013/04/14 ovasik Exp $
#
# Network services, Internet style
# IANA services version: last updated 2013-04-10
#
# Note that it is presently the policy of IANA to assign a single well-known
# port number for both TCP and UDP; hence, most entries here have two entries
# even if the protocol doesn't support UDP operations.
# Updated from RFC 1700, ``Assigned Numbers'' (October 1994). Not all ports
# are included, only the more common ones.
#
# The latest IANA port assignments can be gotten from
# http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
# The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.
# The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151
# The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535
#
# Each line describes one service, and is of the form:
#
# service-name port/protocol [aliases ...] [# comment]
tcpmux 1/tcp # TCP port service multiplexer
tcpmux 1/udp # TCP port service multiplexer
rje 5/tcp # Remote Job Entry
rje 5/udp # Remote Job Entry
echo 7/tcp
echo 7/udp
discard 9/tcp sink null
discard 9/udp sink null
systat 11/tcp users
systat 11/udp users
daytime 13/tcp
daytime 13/udp
qotd 17/tcp quote
qotd 17/udp quote
msp 18/tcp # message send protocol (historic)
msp 18/udp # message send protocol (historic)
chargen 19/tcp ttytst source
chargen 19/udp ttytst source
ftp-data 20/tcp
ftp-data 20/udp
# 21 is registered to ftp, but also used by fsp
ftp 21/tcp
ftp 21/udp fsp fspd
ssh 22/tcp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
ssh 22/udp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
telnet 23/tcp
telnet 23/udp
# 24 - private mail system
lmtp 24/tcp # LMTP Mail Delivery
lmtp 24/udp # LMTP Mail Delivery

可以使用以下六種方法查看端口信息。

ss：可以用于轉(zhuǎn)儲套接字統(tǒng)計(jì)信息。

netstat：可以顯示打開的套接字列表。

lsof：可以列出打開的文件。

fuser：可以列出那些打開了文件的進(jìn)程的進(jìn)程 ID。

nmap：是網(wǎng)絡(luò)檢測工具和端口掃描程序。

systemctl：是 systemd 系統(tǒng)的控制管理器和服務(wù)管理器。

以下我們將找出 sshd 守護(hù)進(jìn)程所使用的端口號。

方法 1：使用 ss 命令

ss 一般用于轉(zhuǎn)儲套接字統(tǒng)計(jì)信息。它能夠輸出類似于 netstat 輸出的信息，但它可以比其它工具顯示更多的 TCP 信息和狀態(tài)信息。

它還可以顯示所有類型的套接字統(tǒng)計(jì)信息，包括 PACKET、TCP、UDP、DCCP、RAW、Unix 域等。

# ss -tnlp | grep ssh
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

也可以使用端口號來檢查。

# ss -tnlp | grep ":22"
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

方法 2：使用 netstat 命令

netstat 能夠顯示網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接、路由表、接口統(tǒng)計(jì)信息、偽裝連接以及多播成員。

# netstat -tnlp | grep ssh
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 997/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 997/sshd

也可以使用端口號來檢查。

# netstat -tnlp | grep ":22"
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1208/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1208/sshd

方法 3：使用 lsof 命令

lsof 能夠列出打開的文件，并列出系統(tǒng)上被進(jìn)程打開的文件的相關(guān)信息。

# lsof -i -P | grep ssh
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 11584 root 3u IPv4 27625 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11584 root 4u IPv6 27627 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

也可以使用端口號來檢查。

# lsof -i tcp:22
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 1208 root 3u IPv4 20919 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 1208 root 4u IPv6 20921 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

方法 4：使用 fuser 命令

fuser 工具會將本地系統(tǒng)上打開了文件的進(jìn)程的進(jìn)程 ID 顯示在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出中。

# fuser -v 22/tcp
 USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
22/tcp: root 1208 F.... sshd
 root 12388 F.... sshd
 root 49339 F.... sshd

方法 5：使用 nmap 命令

# nmap -sV -p 22 localhost
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2018-09-23 12:36 IST
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.000089s latency).
Other addresses for localhost (not scanned): 127.0.0.1
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4 (protocol 2.0)
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.44 seconds

方法 6：使用 systemctl 命令

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Sun 2018-09-23 02:08:56 EDT; 6h 11min ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 11584 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 └─11584 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
Sep 23 02:09:15 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11589]: Connection closed by 103.5.134.167 port 49899 [preauth]
Sep 23 02:09:41 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11592]: Accepted password for root from 103.5.134.167 port 49902 ssh2

以上輸出的內(nèi)容顯示了最近一次啟動 sshd 服務(wù)時(shí) ssh 服務(wù)的監(jiān)聽端口。但它不會將最新日志更新到輸出中。

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-09-06 07:40:59 IST; 2 weeks 3 days ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 1208 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 ├─ 1208 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
 ├─23951 sshd: [accepted]
 └─23952 sshd: [net]
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: input_userauth_request: invalid user pi [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51670 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51670 [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51666 [preauth]

大部分情況下，以上的輸出不會顯示進(jìn)程的實(shí)際端口號。這時(shí)更建議使用以下這個(gè) journalctl 命令檢查日志文件中的詳細(xì)信息。

# journalctl | grep -i "openssh\|sshd"
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[997]: Received signal 15; terminating.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Stopping OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.

查看Linux進(jìn)程占用端口號是我們系統(tǒng)管理員必會技能，以上6種查看LINUX系統(tǒng)進(jìn)程已占用端口的命令大家至少要會其它一種

以下是端口分配類別：

0 - 1023：常用端口和系統(tǒng)端口

1024 - 49151：軟件的注冊端口

49152 - 65535：動態(tài)端口或私有端口

在 Linux 上的 /etc/services 文件可以查看到更多關(guān)于保留端口的信息。

# less /etc/services
# /etc/services:
# $Id: services,v 1.55 2013/04/14 ovasik Exp $
#
# Network services, Internet style
# IANA services version: last updated 2013-04-10
#
# Note that it is presently the policy of IANA to assign a single well-known
# port number for both TCP and UDP; hence, most entries here have two entries
# even if the protocol doesn't support UDP operations.
# Updated from RFC 1700, ``Assigned Numbers'' (October 1994). Not all ports
# are included, only the more common ones.
#
# The latest IANA port assignments can be gotten from
# http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
# The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.
# The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151
# The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535
#
# Each line describes one service, and is of the form:
#
# service-name port/protocol [aliases ...] [# comment]
tcpmux 1/tcp # TCP port service multiplexer
tcpmux 1/udp # TCP port service multiplexer
rje 5/tcp # Remote Job Entry
rje 5/udp # Remote Job Entry
echo 7/tcp
echo 7/udp
discard 9/tcp sink null
discard 9/udp sink null
systat 11/tcp users
systat 11/udp users
daytime 13/tcp
daytime 13/udp
qotd 17/tcp quote
qotd 17/udp quote
msp 18/tcp # message send protocol (historic)
msp 18/udp # message send protocol (historic)
chargen 19/tcp ttytst source
chargen 19/udp ttytst source
ftp-data 20/tcp
ftp-data 20/udp
# 21 is registered to ftp, but also used by fsp
ftp 21/tcp
ftp 21/udp fsp fspd
ssh 22/tcp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
ssh 22/udp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
telnet 23/tcp
telnet 23/udp
# 24 - private mail system
lmtp 24/tcp # LMTP Mail Delivery
lmtp 24/udp # LMTP Mail Delivery

可以使用以下六種方法查看端口信息。

ss：可以用于轉(zhuǎn)儲套接字統(tǒng)計(jì)信息。

netstat：可以顯示打開的套接字列表。

lsof：可以列出打開的文件。

fuser：可以列出那些打開了文件的進(jìn)程的進(jìn)程 ID。

nmap：是網(wǎng)絡(luò)檢測工具和端口掃描程序。

systemctl：是 systemd 系統(tǒng)的控制管理器和服務(wù)管理器。

以下我們將找出 sshd 守護(hù)進(jìn)程所使用的端口號。

方法 1：使用 ss 命令

ss 一般用于轉(zhuǎn)儲套接字統(tǒng)計(jì)信息。它能夠輸出類似于 netstat 輸出的信息，但它可以比其它工具顯示更多的 TCP 信息和狀態(tài)信息。

它還可以顯示所有類型的套接字統(tǒng)計(jì)信息，包括 PACKET、TCP、UDP、DCCP、RAW、Unix 域等。

# ss -tnlp | grep ssh
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

也可以使用端口號來檢查。

# ss -tnlp | grep ":22"
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

方法 2：使用 netstat 命令

netstat 能夠顯示網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接、路由表、接口統(tǒng)計(jì)信息、偽裝連接以及多播成員。

# netstat -tnlp | grep ssh
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 997/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 997/sshd

也可以使用端口號來檢查。

# netstat -tnlp | grep ":22"
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1208/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1208/sshd

方法 3：使用 lsof 命令

lsof 能夠列出打開的文件，并列出系統(tǒng)上被進(jìn)程打開的文件的相關(guān)信息。

# lsof -i -P | grep ssh
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 11584 root 3u IPv4 27625 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11584 root 4u IPv6 27627 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

也可以使用端口號來檢查。

# lsof -i tcp:22
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 1208 root 3u IPv4 20919 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 1208 root 4u IPv6 20921 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

方法 4：使用 fuser 命令

fuser 工具會將本地系統(tǒng)上打開了文件的進(jìn)程的進(jìn)程 ID 顯示在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出中。

# fuser -v 22/tcp
 USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
22/tcp: root 1208 F.... sshd
 root 12388 F.... sshd
 root 49339 F.... sshd

方法 5：使用 nmap 命令

# nmap -sV -p 22 localhost
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2018-09-23 12:36 IST
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.000089s latency).
Other addresses for localhost (not scanned): 127.0.0.1
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4 (protocol 2.0)
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.44 seconds

方法 6：使用 systemctl 命令

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Sun 2018-09-23 02:08:56 EDT; 6h 11min ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 11584 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 └─11584 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
Sep 23 02:09:15 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11589]: Connection closed by 103.5.134.167 port 49899 [preauth]
Sep 23 02:09:41 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11592]: Accepted password for root from 103.5.134.167 port 49902 ssh2

以上輸出的內(nèi)容顯示了最近一次啟動 sshd 服務(wù)時(shí) ssh 服務(wù)的監(jiān)聽端口。但它不會將最新日志更新到輸出中。

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-09-06 07:40:59 IST; 2 weeks 3 days ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 1208 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 ├─ 1208 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
 ├─23951 sshd: [accepted]
 └─23952 sshd: [net]
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: input_userauth_request: invalid user pi [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51670 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51670 [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51666 [preauth]

大部分情況下，以上的輸出不會顯示進(jìn)程的實(shí)際端口號。這時(shí)更建議使用以下這個(gè) journalctl 命令檢查日志文件中的詳細(xì)信息。

# journalctl | grep -i "openssh\|sshd"
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[997]: Received signal 15; terminating.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Stopping OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.

以下是端口分配類別：

0 - 1023：常用端口和系統(tǒng)端口

1024 - 49151：軟件的注冊端口

49152 - 65535：動態(tài)端口或私有端口

在 Linux 上的 /etc/services 文件可以查看到更多關(guān)于保留端口的信息。

# less /etc/services
# /etc/services:
# $Id: services,v 1.55 2013/04/14 ovasik Exp $
#
# Network services, Internet style
# IANA services version: last updated 2013-04-10
#
# Note that it is presently the policy of IANA to assign a single well-known
# port number for both TCP and UDP; hence, most entries here have two entries
# even if the protocol doesn't support UDP operations.
# Updated from RFC 1700, ``Assigned Numbers'' (October 1994). Not all ports
# are included, only the more common ones.
#
# The latest IANA port assignments can be gotten from
# http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
# The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.
# The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151
# The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535
#
# Each line describes one service, and is of the form:
#
# service-name port/protocol [aliases ...] [# comment]
tcpmux 1/tcp # TCP port service multiplexer
tcpmux 1/udp # TCP port service multiplexer
rje 5/tcp # Remote Job Entry
rje 5/udp # Remote Job Entry
echo 7/tcp
echo 7/udp
discard 9/tcp sink null
discard 9/udp sink null
systat 11/tcp users
systat 11/udp users
daytime 13/tcp
daytime 13/udp
qotd 17/tcp quote
qotd 17/udp quote
msp 18/tcp # message send protocol (historic)
msp 18/udp # message send protocol (historic)
chargen 19/tcp ttytst source
chargen 19/udp ttytst source
ftp-data 20/tcp
ftp-data 20/udp
# 21 is registered to ftp, but also used by fsp
ftp 21/tcp
ftp 21/udp fsp fspd
ssh 22/tcp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
ssh 22/udp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
telnet 23/tcp
telnet 23/udp
# 24 - private mail system
lmtp 24/tcp # LMTP Mail Delivery
lmtp 24/udp # LMTP Mail Delivery

可以使用以下六種方法查看端口信息。

ss：可以用于轉(zhuǎn)儲套接字統(tǒng)計(jì)信息。

netstat：可以顯示打開的套接字列表。

lsof：可以列出打開的文件。

fuser：可以列出那些打開了文件的進(jìn)程的進(jìn)程 ID。

nmap：是網(wǎng)絡(luò)檢測工具和端口掃描程序。

systemctl：是 systemd 系統(tǒng)的控制管理器和服務(wù)管理器。

以下我們將找出 sshd 守護(hù)進(jìn)程所使用的端口號。

方法 1：使用 ss 命令

ss 一般用于轉(zhuǎn)儲套接字統(tǒng)計(jì)信息。它能夠輸出類似于 netstat 輸出的信息，但它可以比其它工具顯示更多的 TCP 信息和狀態(tài)信息。

它還可以顯示所有類型的套接字統(tǒng)計(jì)信息，包括 PACKET、TCP、UDP、DCCP、RAW、Unix 域等。

# ss -tnlp | grep ssh
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

也可以使用端口號來檢查。

# ss -tnlp | grep ":22"
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

方法 2：使用 netstat 命令

netstat 能夠顯示網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接、路由表、接口統(tǒng)計(jì)信息、偽裝連接以及多播成員。

# netstat -tnlp | grep ssh
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 997/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 997/sshd

也可以使用端口號來檢查。

# netstat -tnlp | grep ":22"
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1208/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1208/sshd

方法 3：使用 lsof 命令

lsof 能夠列出打開的文件，并列出系統(tǒng)上被進(jìn)程打開的文件的相關(guān)信息。

# lsof -i -P | grep ssh
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 11584 root 3u IPv4 27625 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11584 root 4u IPv6 27627 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

也可以使用端口號來檢查。

# lsof -i tcp:22
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 1208 root 3u IPv4 20919 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 1208 root 4u IPv6 20921 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

方法 4：使用 fuser 命令

fuser 工具會將本地系統(tǒng)上打開了文件的進(jìn)程的進(jìn)程 ID 顯示在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出中。

# fuser -v 22/tcp
 USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
22/tcp: root 1208 F.... sshd
 root 12388 F.... sshd
 root 49339 F.... sshd

方法 5：使用 nmap 命令

# nmap -sV -p 22 localhost
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2018-09-23 12:36 IST
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.000089s latency).
Other addresses for localhost (not scanned): 127.0.0.1
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4 (protocol 2.0)
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.44 seconds

方法 6：使用 systemctl 命令

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Sun 2018-09-23 02:08:56 EDT; 6h 11min ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 11584 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 └─11584 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
Sep 23 02:09:15 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11589]: Connection closed by 103.5.134.167 port 49899 [preauth]
Sep 23 02:09:41 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11592]: Accepted password for root from 103.5.134.167 port 49902 ssh2

以上輸出的內(nèi)容顯示了最近一次啟動 sshd 服務(wù)時(shí) ssh 服務(wù)的監(jiān)聽端口。但它不會將最新日志更新到輸出中。

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-09-06 07:40:59 IST; 2 weeks 3 days ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 1208 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 ├─ 1208 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
 ├─23951 sshd: [accepted]
 └─23952 sshd: [net]
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: input_userauth_request: invalid user pi [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51670 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51670 [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51666 [preauth]

大部分情況下，以上的輸出不會顯示進(jìn)程的實(shí)際端口號。這時(shí)更建議使用以下這個(gè) journalctl 命令檢查日志文件中的詳細(xì)信息。

# journalctl | grep -i "openssh\|sshd"
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[997]: Received signal 15; terminating.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Stopping OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.

afd

以下是端口分配類別：

0 - 1023：常用端口和系統(tǒng)端口

1024 - 49151：軟件的注冊端口

49152 - 65535：動態(tài)端口或私有端口

在 Linux 上的 /etc/services 文件可以查看到更多關(guān)于保留端口的信息。

# less /etc/services
# /etc/services:
# $Id: services,v 1.55 2013/04/14 ovasik Exp $
#
# Network services, Internet style
# IANA services version: last updated 2013-04-10
#
# Note that it is presently the policy of IANA to assign a single well-known
# port number for both TCP and UDP; hence, most entries here have two entries
# even if the protocol doesn't support UDP operations.
# Updated from RFC 1700, ``Assigned Numbers'' (October 1994). Not all ports
# are included, only the more common ones.
#
# The latest IANA port assignments can be gotten from
# http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
# The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.
# The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151
# The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535
#
# Each line describes one service, and is of the form:
#
# service-name port/protocol [aliases ...] [# comment]
tcpmux 1/tcp # TCP port service multiplexer
tcpmux 1/udp # TCP port service multiplexer
rje 5/tcp # Remote Job Entry
rje 5/udp # Remote Job Entry
echo 7/tcp
echo 7/udp
discard 9/tcp sink null
discard 9/udp sink null
systat 11/tcp users
systat 11/udp users
daytime 13/tcp
daytime 13/udp
qotd 17/tcp quote
qotd 17/udp quote
msp 18/tcp # message send protocol (historic)
msp 18/udp # message send protocol (historic)
chargen 19/tcp ttytst source
chargen 19/udp ttytst source
ftp-data 20/tcp
ftp-data 20/udp
# 21 is registered to ftp, but also used by fsp
ftp 21/tcp
ftp 21/udp fsp fspd
ssh 22/tcp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
ssh 22/udp # The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
telnet 23/tcp
telnet 23/udp
# 24 - private mail system
lmtp 24/tcp # LMTP Mail Delivery
lmtp 24/udp # LMTP Mail Delivery

可以使用以下六種方法查看端口信息。

ss：可以用于轉(zhuǎn)儲套接字統(tǒng)計(jì)信息。

netstat：可以顯示打開的套接字列表。

lsof：可以列出打開的文件。

fuser：可以列出那些打開了文件的進(jìn)程的進(jìn)程 ID。

nmap：是網(wǎng)絡(luò)檢測工具和端口掃描程序。

systemctl：是 systemd 系統(tǒng)的控制管理器和服務(wù)管理器。

以下我們將找出 sshd 守護(hù)進(jìn)程所使用的端口號。

方法 1：使用 ss 命令

ss 一般用于轉(zhuǎn)儲套接字統(tǒng)計(jì)信息。它能夠輸出類似于 netstat 輸出的信息，但它可以比其它工具顯示更多的 TCP 信息和狀態(tài)信息。

它還可以顯示所有類型的套接字統(tǒng)計(jì)信息，包括 PACKET、TCP、UDP、DCCP、RAW、Unix 域等。

# ss -tnlp | grep ssh
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

也可以使用端口號來檢查。

# ss -tnlp | grep ":22"
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=997,fd=4))

方法 2：使用 netstat 命令

netstat 能夠顯示網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接、路由表、接口統(tǒng)計(jì)信息、偽裝連接以及多播成員。

# netstat -tnlp | grep ssh
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 997/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 997/sshd

也可以使用端口號來檢查。

# netstat -tnlp | grep ":22"
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1208/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1208/sshd

方法 3：使用 lsof 命令

lsof 能夠列出打開的文件，并列出系統(tǒng)上被進(jìn)程打開的文件的相關(guān)信息。

# lsof -i -P | grep ssh
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 11584 root 3u IPv4 27625 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11584 root 4u IPv6 27627 0t0 TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

也可以使用端口號來檢查。

# lsof -i tcp:22
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 1208 root 3u IPv4 20919 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 1208 root 4u IPv6 20921 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 11592 root 3u IPv4 27744 0t0 TCP vps.2daygeek.com:ssh->103.5.134.167:49902 (ESTABLISHED)

方法 4：使用 fuser 命令

fuser 工具會將本地系統(tǒng)上打開了文件的進(jìn)程的進(jìn)程 ID 顯示在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出中。

# fuser -v 22/tcp
 USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
22/tcp: root 1208 F.... sshd
 root 12388 F.... sshd
 root 49339 F.... sshd

方法 5：使用 nmap 命令

# nmap -sV -p 22 localhost
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2018-09-23 12:36 IST
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.000089s latency).
Other addresses for localhost (not scanned): 127.0.0.1
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4 (protocol 2.0)
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.44 seconds

方法 6：使用 systemctl 命令

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Sun 2018-09-23 02:08:56 EDT; 6h 11min ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 11584 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 └─11584 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps.2daygeek.com systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
Sep 23 02:09:15 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11589]: Connection closed by 103.5.134.167 port 49899 [preauth]
Sep 23 02:09:41 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[11592]: Accepted password for root from 103.5.134.167 port 49902 ssh2

以上輸出的內(nèi)容顯示了最近一次啟動 sshd 服務(wù)時(shí) ssh 服務(wù)的監(jiān)聽端口。但它不會將最新日志更新到輸出中。

# systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
 Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-09-06 07:40:59 IST; 2 weeks 3 days ago
 Docs: man:sshd(8)
 man:sshd_config(5)
 Main PID: 1208 (sshd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
 ├─ 1208 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
 ├─23951 sshd: [accepted]
 └─23952 sshd: [net]
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666
Sep 23 12:50:36 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: input_userauth_request: invalid user pi [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Sep 23 12:50:37 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=95.210.113.142
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51670 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:39 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Failed password for invalid user pi from 95.210.113.142 port 51666 ssh2
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23911]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51670 [preauth]
Sep 23 12:50:40 vps.2daygeek.com sshd[23909]: Connection closed by 95.210.113.142 port 51666 [preauth]

大部分情況下，以上的輸出不會顯示進(jìn)程的實(shí)際端口號。這時(shí)更建議使用以下這個(gè) journalctl 命令檢查日志文件中的詳細(xì)信息。

# journalctl | grep -i "openssh\|sshd"
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[997]: Received signal 15; terminating.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Stopping OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon...
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca sshd[11584]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 23 02:08:56 vps138235.vps.ovh.ca systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.

查看Linux系統(tǒng)中進(jìn)程占用端口號是我們系統(tǒng)管理員必須掌握的一項(xiàng)技能，以上查看進(jìn)程端口的6種方法我們至少要會一種，希望大家熟練掌握這些內(nèi)容

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