public class Company { private String name; private Employee managingDirector;
public String getName() { return this.name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Employee getManagingDirector() { return this.managingDirector; } public void setManagingDirector(Employee managingDirector) { this.managingDirector = managingDirector; } }
public class Employee { private float salary;
public float getSalary() { return salary; } public void setSalary(float salary) { this.salary = salary; } }
然后我們使用BeanWrapper來調用這兩個bean：
Company c = new Company(); BeanWrapper bwComp = BeanWrapperImpl(c); // setting the company name... bwComp.setPropertyValue("name", "Some Company Inc."); // ... can also be done like this: PropertyValue v = new PropertyValue("name", "Some Company Inc."); bwComp.setPropertyValue(v);
// ok, let's create the director and tie it to the company: Employee jim = new Employee(); BeanWrapper bwJim = BeanWrapperImpl(jim); bwJim.setPropertyValue("name", "Jim Stravinsky"); bwComp.setPropertyValue("managingDirector", jim);
// retrieving the salary of the managingDirector through the company Float salary = (Float)bwComp.getPropertyValue("managingDirector.salary");
JDBC再封裝JDBC優雅的封裝了底層的數據庫，但是JDBC仍然存在諸多的不變。你需要編寫大量的代碼來完成CRUD操作，而且，JDBC無論是遇到什么樣的問題，都拋出一個SQLException，這種做法在異常使用上被稱為不完備的信息。因為問題可能是很復雜的，也許是數據庫連接的問題，也許是并發控制的問題，也許只是SQL語句出錯。沒有理由用一個簡單的SQLException就搞定全部的問題了，這種做法有些不負責任。針對這兩個問題，Spring Framework提出了兩種解決方法：首先，提供一個框架，把JDBC應用中的獲取連接、異常處理、釋放等比較通用的操作全部都集中起來，用戶只需要提供特定的實現就OK了。實現的具體細節采用的是模板方法。舉個例子，在org.springframework.jdbc.object包中，MappingSqlQuery類實現了將SQL查詢映射為具體的業務對象。JavaDoc中這樣寫到：Reusable query in which concrete subclasses must implement the abstract mapRow(ResultSet, int) method to convert each row of the JDBC ResultSet into an object. 用戶必須實現mapRow方法，這是典型模板方法的應用。我們拿一個具體的例子來看看：
class UserQuery extends MappingSqlQuery {
public UserQuery(DataSource datasource) { super(datasource, "SELECT * FROM PUB_USER_ADDRESS WHERE USER_ID = ?"); declareParameter(new SqlParameter(Types.NUMERIC)); compile(); }
// Map a result set row to a Java object protected Object mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rownum) throws SQLException { User user = new User(); user.setId(rs.getLong("USER_ID")); user.setForename(rs.getString("FORENAME")); return user; }
public User findUser(long id) { // Use superclass convenience method to provide strong typing return (User) findObject(id); } }
JdbcTemplate template = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource); final List names = new LinkedList(); template.query("SELECT USER.NAME FROM USER", new RowCallbackHandler() { public void processRow(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException { names.add(rs.getString(1)); } });
