LNMP架構介紹
LNMP：Linux系統下Nginx+MySQL+PHP這種網站服務器架構。Nginx是一個高性能的HTTP和反向代理服務器，也是一個IMAP/POP3/SMTP代理服務器。Mysql是一個小型關系型數據庫管理系統。PHP是一種在服務器端執行的嵌入HTML文檔的腳本語言。
原理：瀏覽器發送http request請求到服務器（Nginx）,服務器響應并處理web請求，將一些靜態資源（CSS，圖片，視頻等）保存服務器上，然后將php腳本通過接口傳輸協議（網關協議）PHP-FCGI（fast-cgi）傳輸給PHP-FPM（進程管理程序）,PHP-FPM不做處理，然后PHP-FPM調用PHP解析器進程，PHP解析器解析php腳本信息。PHP解析器進程可以啟動多個，進行并發執行。然后將解析后的腳本返回到PHP-FPM，PHP-FPM再通過fast-cgi的形式將腳本信息傳送給Nginx.服務器再通過Http response的形式傳送給瀏覽器。瀏覽器再進行解析與渲染然后進行呈現。
下面給大家介紹下使用shell腳本一鍵部署LNMP架構的方法，腳本如下所示：
#/bin/bash
##將需要的安裝包傳到/opt目錄下，并關閉防火墻
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld >/dev/null
setenforce 0
###############Nginx###############
##先掛載，再安裝依賴包
df -h | grep /mnt
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt >/dev/null
fi
yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
##創建運行用戶、組（Nginx服務程序默認以nobody身份運行，建議為其創建專門的用戶賬號，以便更準確的控制其訪問權限）
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
##編譯安裝
cd /opt
tar zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.12.0/
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module
make -j 2 make install
##優化配置文件路徑，并把nginx服務的可執行程序文件放入路徑環境變量的目錄中便于系統識別
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin
##添加Nginx系統服務
cat > /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service EOF
[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/bin/kill -1 $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -3 $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
##修改文件權限
chmod 754 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
systemctl start nginx.service
systemctl enable nginx.service >/dev/null
###############MySQL###############
##安裝MySQL環境依賴包
yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake
##創建運行用戶
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
##編譯安裝
cd /opt
tar zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz
cd /opt/mysql-5.7.20
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1
make -j 2 make install
##修改mysql配置文件
cat > /etc/my.cnf EOF
[client]
port = 3306
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character-set-server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve
max_connections=2048
default-storage-engine=INNODB
max_allowed_packet=16M
server-id = 1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
EOF
##更改mysql安裝目錄和配置文件的屬主屬組
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
##設置路徑環境變量
echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
##初始化數據化
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
./mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
##添加mysqld系統服務
cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start mysqld.service
systemctl enable mysqld >/dev/null
##添加mysql的登錄密碼
function mima {
passwd=$1
/usr/bin/expect -EOF
spawn mysqladmin -u root -p password $passwd
expect "Enter" {send "\n"}
expect eof
EOF
}
mima "abc123"
##授權遠程登錄
function qwe {
/usr/bin/expect -EOF
spawn mysql -u root -p
expect "Enter" {send "abc123\n"}
expect "mysql" {send "grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'abc123';\n"}
expect "mysql" {send "flush privileges;\n"}
expect "mysql" {send "show databases;\n"}
expect "mysql" {send "quit\n"}
expect eof
EOF
}
qwe
###############PHP###############
##安裝環境依賴包
yum -y install gd \
libjpeg libjpeg-devel \
libpng libpng-devel \
freetype freetype-devel \
libxml2 libxml2-devel \
zlib zlib-devel \
curl curl-devel \
openssl openssl-devel
##編譯安裝
cd /opt
tar jxvf php-7.1.10.tar.bz2
cd ./php-7.1.10/
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
--with-mysqli \
--with-zlib \
--with-curl \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-openssl \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-xml \
--enable-session \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-pdo \
--enable-tokenizer \
--enable-zip
make -j 2 make install
##路徑優化
ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
ln -s /usr/local/php/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/
##調整PHP配置文件
##PHP有三個配置文件
##php.ini（主配置文件）
cp /opt/php-7.1.10/php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
sed -i '1170c mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock' /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
sed -i '939c date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai' /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
php -m
##php-fpm.conf（進程服務配置文件）
cd /usr/local/php/etc
cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
sed -i '17c pid = run/php-fpm.pid' /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
##www.conf（擴展配置文件）
cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d
cp www.conf.default www.conf
##啟動php-fpm
cd /usr/local/php/sbin/
php-fpm -c /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
##配置Nginx支持PHP解析
sed -i '65c location ~ \.php$ {' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed -i '66c root html;' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed -i '67c fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed -i '68c fastcgi_index index.php;' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed -i '69c fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed -i '70c include fastcgi_params;' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
sed -i '71c }' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
##驗證PHP測試頁和驗證數據庫工作是否正常
cat > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php EOF
?php
phpinfo();
?>
EOF
到此這篇關于使用shell腳本一鍵部署LNMP架構的方法的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關shell腳本部署LNMP架構內容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！
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