1、數據庫環境
數據庫DBID及打開模式
SQL> select dbid,open_mode from v$database;
DBID OPEN_MODE
---------- ----------
4106451204 READ WRITE
數據文件:
SQL> select file#,status,enabled,name from v$datafile;
FILE# STATUS ENABLED NAME
---------- ------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 SYSTEM READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/system01.dbf
2 ONLINE READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/undotbs01.dbf
3 ONLINE READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/sysaux01.dbf
4 ONLINE READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_1.dbf
5 ONLINE READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs3.dbf
6 ONLINE READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_big01.dbf
7 ONLINE READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/rman.dbf
控制文件：
SQL> select status,name from v$controlfile;
STATUS NAME
------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/ocmdb/cfile/ora_control1
/u01/app/oracle/ocmdb/cfile/ora_control2
/u01/app/oracle/ocmdb/cfile/control3
聯機日志：
SQL> select group#,status,type,member from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER
---------- ------- ------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo01.log
1 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo11.log
3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo03.log
2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo02.log
5 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo05.log
5 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo55.log
4 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo04.log
4 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/redo44.log
2、數據庫備份腳本
冷備份腳本
#rem script:coldbak.sh
#rem creater:chon
#rem date:2011
#rem desc:offline full backup database
#--connect database
sqlplus / as sysdba EOF
#--shutdown database
shutdown immediate;
#--Copy Data file
!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/*.dbf /backup
!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/undotbs01.dbf /backup
#--Copy Control file
!cp /u01/app/oracle/ocmdb/cfile/* /backup
#--Copy Log file
!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/lfile/*.log /backup
#--Copy archive log
!cp -R /u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/OCMDB/archivelog/* /backup
#--startup database
startup;
說明：
1、以上腳本在數據庫關閉狀態下備份數據庫所有的數據文件，聯機日志，控制文件，歸檔日志（在一個目錄下），如果成功備份，所有文件是一致的。
2、沒有備份參數文件，參數文件可以另外備份，沒有必要每次都備份，只需要在改變設置后備份一次。
3、如果以上命令沒有成功依次執行，那么備份將是無效的，如連接數據庫不成功，那么肯定關閉數據庫也不成功，那么備份則無效
4、冷備份建議下人工干預下執行。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OS熱備份
查看表空間和數據文件對應關系
SQL> select file_id,tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_ID TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME
---------- ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 RMAN_TS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/rman.dbf
6 BIG_TBS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_big01.dbf
5 TBS3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs3.dbf
4 TBS_1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_1.dbf
3 SYSAUX /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/sysaux01.dbf
2 UNDOTBS /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/undotbs01.dbf
1 SYSTEM /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/system01.dbf
數據庫OS熱全備份腳本
#rem script:hotbak.sh
#rem creater:chon
#rem date:2011
#rem desc:backup all database datafile in archive
#--connect database
sqlplus / as sysdba EOF
#--archive
alter system archive log current;
#--start hotbak
alter tablespace system begin backup;
!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/system01.dbf /backup
alter tablespace system end backup;
alter tablespace UNDOTBS begin backup;
!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/undotbs01.dbf /backup
alter tablespace UNDOTBS end backup;
alter tablespace SYSAUX begin backup;
!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/sysaux01.dbf /backup
alter tablespace SYSAUX end backup;
alter tablespace TBS_1 begin backup;
!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_1.dbf /backup
alter tablespace TBS_1 end backup;
alter tablespace TBS3 begin backup;
!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs3.dbf /backup
alter tablespace TBS3 end backup;
alter tablespace BIG_TBS begin backup;
!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/tbs_big01.dbf /backup
alter tablespace BIG_TBS end backup;
alter tablespace RMAN_TS begin backup;
!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/rman.dbf /backup
alter tablespace RMAN_TS end backup;
#--end
#--bak control file
#--binary
alter database backup controlfile to '/backup/controlbinbak.000';
#--ascii
alter database backup controlfile to trace;
alter system archive log current;
說明：
1、熱備份必須在數據庫歸檔方式下才可以運行
2、以上腳本可以在數據庫運行狀態下備份數據庫所有的數據文件（除了臨時數據文件），沒有必要備份聯機日志。
3、歸檔日志至少需要一次完整備份之后的所有日志。
4、如果以上命令沒有成功依次執行，那么備份也是無效的，如連接數據庫不成功，那么備份則無效
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RMAN備份腳本
--本地
創建文件夾
mkdir /home/oracle/backup
mkdir /home/oracle/backup/script
mkdir /home/oracle/backup/log
mkdir /home/oracle/backup/export
--備份目的地
mkdir /home/oracle/rman_backup
創建備份表空間
create tablespace rman_tbs datafile '/oradata/luke/rman_tbs01.dbf' size 1024M;
創建備份用戶
create user rman identified by rman default tablespace rman_tbs temporary tablespace temp;
grant connect,resource ,recovery_catalog_owner to rman;
rman catalog rman/rman
create catalog tablespace rman_tbs;
connect target sys/lukewhx@luke
register database;
report schema;
configure retention policy to redundancy 2;
configure retention policy to recovery window of 7 days;
--倒出RMAN用戶數據腳本exp_rman.par (即備份catalog庫）
userid=rman/rman
file=/home/oracle/backup/export/rman.dmp
log=/home/oracle/backup/log/rman.log
-- 倒出RMAN數據SHELL腳本exp_rman.sh
#!/bin/bash
cd $HOME
. .bash_profile
cd $HOME/backup/script
exp parfile=exp_rman.par
-- 零級備份RMAN腳本level0_backup.rcv
connect catalog rman/rman
connect target sys/unumall@unu2
run {
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 14 DAYS;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
allocate channel d1 type disk;
allocate channel d2 type disk;
backup incremental level 0 database format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/level0_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak'
tag='level 0' include current controlfile;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' delete all input;
release channel d2;
release channel d1;
}
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
resync catalog;
--零級備份SHELL腳本的level0_backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
cd $HOME
. .bash_profile
cd $HOME/backup/script
rman cmdfile=level0_backup.rcv msglog=$HOME/backup/log/level0_backup.log
. /home/oracle/backup/script/exp_rman.sh
--一級差異增量備份RMAN腳本 level1_backup.rcv
connect catalog rman/rman
connect target sys/luke@luke
run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup incremental level 1 format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/level1_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' tag = 'level 1' database;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' delete all input;
release channel d1;
}
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
resync catalog;
--一級差異增量備份SHELL腳本level1_backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
cd $HOME
. .bash_profile
cd /home/oracle/backup/script
rman cmdfile=level1_backup.rcv msglog=$HOME/backup/log/level1.log
. /home/oracle/backup/script/exp_rman.sh
--二級差異增量備份RMAN腳本 level2_backup.rcv
connect catalog rman/rman
connect target sys/luke@luke
run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup incremental level 2 format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/level2_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' tag = 'level 2' database;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/rman_backup/log_%d_%s_%p_%u.bak' delete all input;
release channel d1;
}
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
resync catalog;
--二級差異增量備份SHELL腳本level2_backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
cd $HOME
. .bash_profile
cd /home/oracle/backup/script
rman cmdfile=level2_backup.rcv msglog=$HOME/backup/log/level2.log
. /home/oracle/backup/script/exp_rman.sh
提高 RMAN增量備份性能
alter database enable block change tracking using file
'/u01/app/oracle/admin/devdb/bdump/luke.log';
desc v$block_change_tracking;
linux下定時執行備份腳本
crontab -e -u oracle
SHELL=/bin/bash --以下腳本在bash下執行
MAILTO=oracle --執行日志以郵件形式郵給oracle用戶，可以/var/spool/mail/oracle下查收
10 1 * * 0 /home/oracle/backup/script/level0_backup.sh
10 1 * * 1 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh
10 1 * * 2 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh
10 1 * * 3 /home/oracle/backup/script/level1_backup.sh
10 1 * * 4 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh
10 1 * * 5 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh
10 1 * * 6 /home/oracle/backup/script/level2_backup.sh
一周差異備份策略：
備份目標庫和catalog庫
周日0級全備，周一周二為2級，周三為1級，周四周五周六為2級。
每天凌晨1點10分開始備份
零級備份
backup incremental level 0 database;
一級差異增量 差異增量是默認增量備份方式
backup incremental level 1 database;
一級累計增量
backup incremental level 1 cumulative database;
總結
到此這篇關于oracle備份之備份測試腳本的方法（冷備、熱備、rman)的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關oracle備份測試腳本內容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！
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