前言
本文主要講解通過(guò)curl 實(shí)現(xiàn)表單提交登錄。單獨(dú)的表單提交與表單登錄都差不多，因此就不單獨(dú)說(shuō)了。
說(shuō)明：針對(duì)curl表單提交實(shí)現(xiàn)登錄，不是所有網(wǎng)站都適用，原因是有些網(wǎng)站后臺(tái)做了限制或有其他校驗(yàn)。我們不知道這些網(wǎng)站后臺(tái)的限制或校驗(yàn)機(jī)制具體是什么，因此直接curl表單登錄可能是不行的。
當(dāng)然，如下案例是可以用curl登錄的。
案例：LeanCloud登錄
要求和結(jié)果
要求：通過(guò)curl登錄后，能正常訪(fǎng)問(wèn)leancloud的應(yīng)用頁(yè)面。
登錄頁(yè)面鏈接如下：
1 https://leancloud.cn/dashboard/login.html#/signin
能正常訪(fǎng)問(wèn)如下頁(yè)面：
1 https://leancloud.cn/dashboard/applist.html#/apps
瀏覽器訪(fǎng)問(wèn)效果：
無(wú)登錄直接訪(fǎng)問(wèn)結(jié)果瀏覽器訪(fǎng)問(wèn)結(jié)果
上圖紅框 403 中的訪(fǎng)問(wèn)連接如下：
1 https://leancloud.cn/1.1/clients/self/apps
通過(guò)curl 驗(yàn)證是否登錄
[root@iZ28xbsfvc4Z ~]# curl -i https://leancloud.cn/1.1/clients/self/apps
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Server: openresty
Date: Sun, 14 Jul 2019 11:35:28 GMT
Content-Type: application/json;charset=utf-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Cache-Control: no-cache,no-store
Pragma: no-cache
{"code":1,"error":"User doesn't sign in."}
獲取表單字段信息
獲取表單提交鏈接
通過(guò)下圖可得到表單提交的鏈接信息。具體如下：
1 https://leancloud.cn/1.1/signin
curl 表單登錄并保存cookie信息
1 curl -v -c leancloud1.info -X POST -F 'email=yourname' -F 'password=yourpassword' https://leancloud.cn/1.1/signin
2 # 或則
3 curl -v -c leancloud3.info -X POST -d 'email=yourname&password=yourpassword' https://leancloud.cn/1.1/signin
查看cookie信息
[root@iZ28xbsfvc4Z 20190714_02]# ll
total 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 337 Jul 14 19:45 leancloud1.info
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 335 Jul 14 19:46 leancloud3.info
[root@iZ28xbsfvc4Z 20190714_02]# cat leancloud1.info
# Netscape HTTP Cookie File
# http://curl.haxx.se/docs/http-cookies.html
# This file was generated by libcurl! Edit at your own risk.
#HttpOnly_leancloud.cn FALSE / TRUE 1563709522 uluru_user Ff1IPOiMX%2F6ipevuxy0OOg%3D%3D
leancloud.cn FALSE / TRUE 1563709522 XSRF-TOKEN 5647dc84bd6eaea37eca2d07ae0e401cca4ba76803989c8559XXXXX7283da
[root@iZ28xbsfvc4Z 20190714_02]# cat leancloud3.info
# Netscape HTTP Cookie File
# http://curl.haxx.se/docs/http-cookies.html
# This file was generated by libcurl! Edit at your own risk.
#HttpOnly_leancloud.cn FALSE / TRUE 1563709591 uluru_user arTwQm6JylzLjBaQt7TpiQ%3D%3D
leancloud.cn FALSE / TRUE 1563709591 XSRF-TOKEN 751e12827c7c046408541bc1bf962b5912ac35b0d07f88120XXXXXX40704704
每列字段說(shuō)明：
domain：創(chuàng)建并可以讀取變量的域名。
flag：一個(gè) TRUE/FALSE 值，表明給定域中的所有機(jī)器是否都可以訪(fǎng)問(wèn)該變量。此值由瀏覽器自動(dòng)設(shè)置，具體取決于你為域設(shè)置的值。
path：變量在域中有效的路徑。
secure：一個(gè) TRUE/FALSE 值，表明是否需要與域的安全連接來(lái)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)變量。
expiration：該變量將過(guò)期的UNIX時(shí)間。UNIX時(shí)間定義為自1970年1月1日00:00:00 GMT開(kāi)始的秒數(shù)。
name：變量名稱(chēng)
value：變量值
校驗(yàn)是否登錄成功
直接訪(fǎng)問(wèn)和帶有cookie訪(fǎng)問(wèn)，這兩種訪(fǎng)問(wèn)方式，請(qǐng)對(duì)比查看。
直接訪(fǎng)問(wèn)
[root@iZ28xbsfvc4Z 20190714_02]# curl -i https://leancloud.cn/1.1/clients/self/apps
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Server: openresty
Date: Sun, 14 Jul 2019 11:52:47 GMT
Content-Type: application/json;charset=utf-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Cache-Control: no-cache,no-store
Pragma: no-cache
{"code":1,"error":"User doesn't sign in."}
帶有cookie文件的訪(fǎng)問(wèn)
# 使用cookie
[root@iZ28xbsfvc4Z 20190714_02]# curl -i -b leancloud1.info https://leancloud.cn/1.1/clients/self/apps
## 或者
[root@iZ28xbsfvc4Z 20190714_02]# curl -i -b leancloud3.info https://leancloud.cn/1.1/clients/self/apps
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: openresty
Date: Sun, 14 Jul 2019 11:53:29 GMT
Content-Type: application/json;charset=utf-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Cache-Control: no-cache,no-store
Pragma: no-cache
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000
[{"app_domain":null,"description":null,"archive_status":0,"biz_type":"dev","master_key": ………………
復(fù)制瀏覽器的cookie訪(fǎng)問(wèn)
[root@iZ28xbsfvc4Z 20190720]# curl -i -H 'cookie: _ga=GA1.2.2055706705.1560005524; …………' https://leancloud.cn/1.1/clients/self/apps
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: openresty
Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2019 08:11:37 GMT
Content-Type: application/json;charset=utf-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Cache-Control: no-cache,no-store
Pragma: no-cache
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000
[{"app_domain":null,"description":null,"archive_status":0,"biz_type":"dev","master_key": ………………
由上可知curl登錄成功。
總結(jié)
以上就是這篇文章的全部?jī)?nèi)容了，希望本文的內(nèi)容對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值，謝謝大家對(duì)腳本之家的支持。
