MQTT簡介
MQTT（Message Queuing Telemetry Transport，消息隊列遙測傳輸）是IBM開發的一個即時通訊協議，有可能成為物聯網的重要組成部分。該協議支持所有平臺，幾乎可以把所有聯網物品和外部連接起來，被用來當做傳感器和制動器（比如通過Twitter讓房屋聯網）的通信協議。
Docker安裝RabbitMQ配置MQTT
使用RabbitMQ作為MQTT服務端，Eclipse Paho作為客戶端。宿主機系統為ubuntu16.04
Docker下載鏡像
docker pull daocloud.io/library/rabbitmq:3.7.4
啟動RabbitMQ
docker run -d --hostname my-rabbit --name some-rabbit -p 15672:15672 -p 5672:5672 -p 1883:1883 -p 15675:15675 daocloud.io/library/rabbitmq:3.7.4
注意映射容器端口
- 15672 是rabbitmq management管理界面默認訪問端口
- 5672 是amqp默認端口
- 1883 是mqtt tcp協議默認端口
- 15675 是web_mqtt websocket協議默認端口
啟用插件
默認安裝后我們需要手動開啟rabbitmq_management插件，rabbitmq_mqtt插件和rabbitmq_web_mqtt插件。
執行如下三條命令
docker exec <容器ID> rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
docker exec <容器ID> rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_mqtt
docker exec <容器ID> rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_web_mqtt
當然你也可以寫個腳本start.sh，復制到容器中
/usr/sbin/rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
/usr/sbin/rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_mqtt
/usr/sbin/rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_web_mqtt
進入容器執行這個腳本。
sh start.sh
開放宿主機端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=15672/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5672/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1883/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=15675/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
Python MQTT客戶端實現
安裝python包
pip install paho-mqtt
發送數據demo（消費者）
# 使用前需要啟動hbase和thrift服務器
# 啟動hbase在cd /usr/local/hbase下bin/start-hbase.sh 默認端口為 60000
# 啟動thrift服務器cd /usr/local/hbase/bin執行./hbase-daemon.sh start thrift 默認端口為9090
import sys
import os
dir_common = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0] + '/../'
sys.path.append(dir_common) # 將根目錄添加到系統目錄,才能正常引用common文件夾
import argparse #
import logging
import time,datetime
from common.py_log import init_logger,init_console_logger
from common.config import *
from common.py_hbase import PyHbase
import time,json
from common.py_rabbit import Rabbit_Consumer
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
import time
HOST = "192.168.2.46"
PORT = 1883
def client_loop():
client_id = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S',time.localtime(time.time()))
client = mqtt.Client(client_id) # ClientId不能重復，所以使用當前時間
client.username_pw_set("guest", "guest") # 必須設置，否則會返回「Connected with result code 4」
client.on_connect = on_connect
client.on_message = on_message
client.connect(HOST, PORT, 60)
client.loop_forever()
def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
print("Connected with result code "+str(rc))
client.subscribe("test")
def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
print(msg.topic+" "+msg.payload.decode("utf-8"))
if __name__ == '__main__':
client_loop()
接收數據demo（生產者）
import sys
import os
dir_common = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0] + '/../'
sys.path.append(dir_common) # 將根目錄添加到系統目錄,才能正常引用common文件夾
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
import time
HOST = "192.168.2.46"
PORT = 1883
def client_loop():
client_id = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S',time.localtime(time.time()))
client = mqtt.Client(client_id) # ClientId不能重復，所以使用當前時間
client.username_pw_set("guest", "guest") # 必須設置，否則會返回「Connected with result code 4」
client.on_connect = on_connect
client.on_message = on_message
client.connect(HOST, PORT, 60)
client.loop_forever()
def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
print("Connected with result code "+str(rc))
client.subscribe("test")
def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
print(msg.topic+" "+msg.payload.decode("utf-8"))
if __name__ == '__main__':
client_loop()
生產者demo
# import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
import paho.mqtt.publish as publish
import time
HOST = "192.168.2.46"
PORT = 1883
def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
print("Connected with result code "+str(rc))
client.subscribe("test")
def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
print(msg.topic+" "+msg.payload.decode("utf-8"))
if __name__ == '__main__':
client_id = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S',time.localtime(time.time()))
# client = mqtt.Client(client_id) # ClientId不能重復，所以使用當前時間
# client.username_pw_set("guest", "guest") # 必須設置，否則會返回「Connected with result code 4」
# client.on_connect = on_connect
# client.on_message = on_message
# client.connect(HOST, PORT, 60)
# client.publish("test", "你好 MQTT", qos=0, retain=False) # 發布消息
publish.single("test", "你好 MQTT", qos = 1,hostname=HOST,port=PORT, client_id=client
官方文檔：
mqtt http://www.rabbitmq.com/mqtt.html
總結
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