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PHP連接及操作PostgreSQL數據庫的方法詳解

本文實例講述了PHP連接及操作PostgreSQL數據庫的方法。分享給大家供大家參考，具體如下：

PostgreSQL擴展在默認情況下在最新版本的PHP 5.3.x中是啟用的。可以在編譯時使用--without-pgsql來禁用它。仍然可以使用yum命令來安裝PHP-PostgreSQL接口：

yum install php-pgsql

在開始使用PHP連接PostgreSQL接口之前，請先在PostgreSQL安裝目錄中找到pg_hba.conf文件，并添加以下行：

# IPv4 local connections:
host  all     all     127.0.0.1/32     md5

您可以啟動/重新啟動postgres服務器，使用以下命令運行：

[root@host]# service postgresql restart
Stopping postgresql service:                [ OK ]
Starting postgresql service:                [ OK ]

Windows用戶必須啟用php_pgsql.dll才能使用此擴展名。這個DLL包含在最新版本的PHP 5.3.x中的Windows發行版中。

PHP連接到PostgreSQL數據庫

以下PHP代碼顯示如何連接到本地機器上的現有數據庫，最后將返回數據庫連接對象。

?php
  $host    = "host=127.0.0.1";
  $port    = "port=5432";
  $dbname   = "dbname=testdb";
  $credentials = "user=postgres password=pass123";
  $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials" );
  if(!$db){
   echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
  } else {
   echo "Opened database successfully\n";
  }
?>

現在，讓我們運行上面的程序打開數據庫:testdb，如果成功打開數據庫連接，那么它將給出以下消息：

Opened database successfully

創建表

以下PHP程序將用于在之前創建的數據庫(testdb)中創建一個表：

?php
  $host    = "host=127.0.0.1";
  $port    = "port=5432";
  $dbname   = "dbname=testdb";
  $credentials = "user=postgres password=pass123";
  $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials" );
  if(!$db){
   echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
  } else {
   echo "Opened database successfully\n";
  }
  $sql =EOF
   CREATE TABLE COMPANY
   (ID INT PRIMARY KEY   NOT NULL,
   NAME      TEXT  NOT NULL,
   AGE      INT   NOT NULL,
   ADDRESS    CHAR(50),
   SALARY     REAL);
EOF;
  $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
  if(!$ret){
   echo pg_last_error($db);
  } else {
   echo "Table created successfully\n";
  }
  pg_close($db);
?>

當執行上述程序時，它將在testdb數據庫中創建COMPANY表，并顯示以下消息：

Opened database successfully
Table created successfully

SQL

插入操作

以下PHP程序顯示了如何在上述示例中創建的COMPANY表中創建記錄：

?php
  $host    = "host=127.0.0.1";
  $port    = "port=5432";
  $dbname   = "dbname=testdb";
  $credentials = "user=postgres password=pass123";
  $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials" );
  if(!$db){
   echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
  } else {
   echo "Opened database successfully\n";
  }
  $sql =EOF
   INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
   VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 );
   INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
   VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 );
   INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
   VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );
   INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
   VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );
EOF;
  $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
  if(!$ret){
   echo pg_last_error($db);
  } else {
   echo "Records created successfully\n";
  }
  pg_close($db);
?>

當執行上述程序時，它將在COMPANY表中創建給定的記錄，并顯示以下兩行：

Opened database successfully
Records created successfully

SELECT操作

以下PHP程序顯示了如何從上述示例中創建的COMPANY表中獲取和顯示記錄：

?php
  $host    = "host=127.0.0.1";
  $port    = "port=5432";
  $dbname   = "dbname=testdb";
  $credentials = "user=postgres password=pass123";
  $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials" );
  if(!$db){
   echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
  } else {
   echo "Opened database successfully\n";
  }
  $sql =EOF
   SELECT * from COMPANY;
EOF;
  $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
  if(!$ret){
   echo pg_last_error($db);
   exit;
  }
  while($row = pg_fetch_row($ret)){
   echo "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n";
   echo "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n";
   echo "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n";
   echo "SALARY = ".$row[4] ."\n\n";
  }
  echo "Operation done successfully\n";
  pg_close($db);
?>

當執行上述程序時，將產生以下結果。請記下，在創建表時按照它們使用的順序返回字段。

Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 20000
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000
Operation done successfully

更新操作

以下PHP代碼顯示了如何使用UPDATE語句來更新指定記錄，然后從COMPANY表中獲取并顯示更新的記錄：

?php
  $host    = "host=127.0.0.1";
  $port    = "port=5432";
  $dbname   = "dbname=testdb";
  $credentials = "user=postgres password=pass123";
  $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials" );
  if(!$db){
   echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
  } else {
   echo "Opened database successfully\n";
  }
  $sql =EOF
   UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1;
EOF;
  $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
  if(!$ret){
   echo pg_last_error($db);
   exit;
  } else {
   echo "Record updated successfully\n";
  }
  $sql =EOF
   SELECT * from COMPANY;
EOF;
  $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
  if(!$ret){
   echo pg_last_error($db);
   exit;
  }
  while($row = pg_fetch_row($ret)){
   echo "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n";
   echo "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n";
   echo "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n";
   echo "SALARY = ".$row[4] ."\n\n";
  }
  echo "Operation done successfully\n";
  pg_close($db);
?>

執行上述程序時，會產生以下結果：

Opened database successfully
Record updated successfully
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
ADDRESS = 25
SALARY = 15000
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = 23
SALARY = 20000
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = 25
SALARY = 65000
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = 32
SALARY = 25000
Operation done successfully

刪除操作

以下PHP代碼顯示了如何使用DELETE語句刪除指定記錄，然后從COMPANY表中獲取并顯示剩余的記錄：

?php
  $host    = "host=127.0.0.1";
  $port    = "port=5432";
  $dbname   = "dbname=testdb";
  $credentials = "user=postgres password=pass123";
  $db = pg_connect( "$host $port $dbname $credentials" );
  if(!$db){
   echo "Error : Unable to open database\n";
  } else {
   echo "Opened database successfully\n";
  }
  $sql =EOF
   DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;
EOF;
  $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
  if(!$ret){
   echo pg_last_error($db);
   exit;
  } else {
   echo "Record deleted successfully\n";
  }
  $sql =EOF
   SELECT * from COMPANY;
EOF;
  $ret = pg_query($db, $sql);
  if(!$ret){
   echo pg_last_error($db);
   exit;
  }
  while($row = pg_fetch_row($ret)){
   echo "ID = ". $row[0] . "\n";
   echo "NAME = ". $row[1] ."\n";
   echo "ADDRESS = ". $row[2] ."\n";
   echo "SALARY = ".$row[4] ."\n\n";
  }
  echo "Operation done successfully\n";
  pg_close($db);
?>

執行上述程序時，會產生以下結果：

Opened database successfully
Record deleted successfully
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
ADDRESS = 23
SALARY = 20000
ID = 4
NAME = Mark
ADDRESS = 25
SALARY = 65000
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
ADDRESS = 32
SALARY = 25000
Operation done successfully

更多關于PHP相關內容感興趣的讀者可查看本站專題：《PHP基于pdo操作數據庫技巧總結》、《php+Oracle數據庫程序設計技巧總結》、《PHP+MongoDB數據庫操作技巧大全》、《php面向對象程序設計入門教程》、《php字符串(string)用法總結》、《php+mysql數據庫操作入門教程》及《php常見數據庫操作技巧匯總》

希望本文所述對大家PHP程序設計有所幫助。

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