在阿里云服務器上，用virtualenv創建虛擬環境時，報了個錯誤
root@iZwz982qla1uxm1s5dnyo7Z:/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info# virtualenv -p python3 venv
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python2
New python executable in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info/venv/bin/python2
Not overwriting existing python script /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info/venv/bin/python (you must use /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info/venv/bin/python2)
Please make sure you remove any previous custom paths from your /root/.pydistutils.cfg file.
1 [global]
Installing setuptools, pkg_resources, pip, wheel...
Complete output from command /usr/lib/python3/dis...nfo/venv/bin/python2 - setuptools pkg_resources pip wheel:
Collecting setuptools
Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/ff/f4/385715ccc461885f3cedf57a41ae3c12b5fec3f35cce4c8706b1a112a133/setuptools-40.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (567kB)
Collecting pkg_resources
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/basecommand.py", line 209, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/commands/install.py", line 328, in run
wb.build(autobuilding=True)
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/wheel.py", line 748, in build
self.requirement_set.prepare_files(self.finder)
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/req/req_set.py", line 360, in prepare_files
ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies))
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/req/req_set.py", line 512, in _prepare_file
finder, self.upgrade, require_hashes)
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/req/req_install.py", line 273, in populate_link
self.link = finder.find_requirement(self, upgrade)
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 442, in find_requirement
all_candidates = self.find_all_candidates(req.name)
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 400, in find_all_candidates
for page in self._get_pages(url_locations, project_name):
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 545, in _get_pages
page = self._get_page(location)
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 648, in _get_page
return HTMLPage.get_page(link, session=self.session)
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 760, in get_page
resp.raise_for_status()
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info/venv/share/python-wheels/requests-2.9.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/models.py", line 840, in raise_for_status
raise HTTPError(http_error_msg, response=self)
HTTPError: 404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/pkg-resources/
----------------------------------------
...Installing setuptools, pkg_resources, pip, wheel...done.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 2363, in module>
main()
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 719, in main
symlink=options.symlink)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 988, in create_environment
download=download,
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 918, in install_wheel
call_subprocess(cmd, show_stdout=False, extra_env=env, stdin=SCRIPT)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 812, in call_subprocess
% (cmd_desc, proc.returncode))
OSError: Command /usr/lib/python3/dis...nfo/venv/bin/python2 - setuptools pkg_resources pip wheel failed with error code 2
看到HTTPError: 404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/pkg-resources/以為是阿里云的安全組配置沒配好，折騰了半天，原來是訪問PyPI鏡像源出了問題，將pip的默認的源地址改為國內源即可。
具體操作如下：
vim ~/.pip/pip.conf打開pip配置文件:
寫入
[global]
index-url = http://e.pypi.python.org/simple
以下這幾個國內源都可以
e.pypi.python.org
pypi.douban.com
pypi.hustunique.com
補充：使用virtualenv創建Python3.7虛擬環境時報錯ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'的解決方法
使用virtualenv創建Python3.7.6版本虛擬環境時，遇到了標題中的報錯，記錄一下解決過程。
出現這種情況一般是因為缺少依賴包libffi-devel
在安裝3.7以上版本時，需要一個新的libffi-devel包做依賴
使用yum安裝依賴
yum install libffi-devel -y
刪除之前安裝的報錯的虛擬環境目錄
重新編譯安裝系統Python3.7.6（需要先找到安裝時的Python源碼包，cd到目錄中）
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make make install
刪除之前建立的軟連接
rm -rf /usr/bin/python3
rm -rf /usr/bin/pip3
重新建立軟連接
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.7 /usr/bin/pip3
到此Python3重新安裝完成，可以用python3、pip3命令測試一下是否安裝成功。
進入虛擬目錄將要存放的目錄，使用新安裝的Python3創建虛擬環境。此處需要使用-p參數指定Python版本路徑，否則默認創建Python2的環境。
virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 venv
測試進入創建好的虛擬環境中
退出環境
以上為個人經驗，希望能給大家一個參考，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。如有錯誤或未考慮完全的地方，望不吝賜教。
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