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在SQL SERVER中如何通過SQL語句獲取服務器硬件和系統信息呢？下面介紹一下如何通過SQL語句獲取處理器(CPU)、內存（Memory）、磁盤（Disk）以及操作系統相關信息。如有不足和遺漏，敬請補充。謝謝！

一：查看數據庫服務器CPU的信息

---SQL 1:獲取數據庫服務器的CPU型號

EXEC xp_instance_regread 
  'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE',
  'HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION\System\CentralProcessor\0',
  'ProcessorNameString';

---SQL 2:獲取數據庫服務器CPU核數等信息(只適用于SQL 2005以及以上版本數據庫)

/*************************************************************************************
--cpu_count        :指定系統中的邏輯 CPU 數
--hyperthread_ratio    :指定一個物理處理器包公開的邏輯內核數與物理內核數的比.虛擬機
--             中可以表示每個虛擬插槽的核數。虛擬中[Physical CPU Count]其實
--             表示虛擬插槽數
*************************************************************************************/
SELECT s.cpu_count            AS [Loggic CPU Count]
   ,s.hyperthread_ratio        AS [Hyperthread Ratio]
   ,s.cpu_count/s.hyperthread_ratio AS [Physical CPU Count] 
FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info s OPTION (RECOMPILE);

---SQL 3:獲取數據庫服務器CPU核數(適用于所有版本)

CREATE TABLE #TempTable
  (
   [Index] VARCHAR(2000) ,
   [Name] VARCHAR(2000) ,
   [Internal_Value] VARCHAR(2000) ,
   [Character_Value] VARCHAR(2000)
  );
INSERT INTO #TempTable
    EXEC xp_msver;
SELECT Internal_Value AS VirtualCPUCount
FROM  #TempTable
WHERE  Name = 'ProcessorCount';
DROP TABLE #TempTable;
GO

---SQL 4：在老外博客中看到一個計算CPU相關信息的SQL，不過虛擬機計算有點小問題，我修改了一下。

DECLARE @xp_msver TABLE (
  [idx] [int] NULL
  ,[c_name] [varchar](100) NULL
  ,[int_val] [float] NULL
  ,[c_val] [varchar](128) NULL
  )
INSERT INTO @xp_msver
EXEC ('[master]..[xp_msver]');;
WITH [ProcessorInfo]
AS (
  SELECT ([cpu_count] / [hyperthread_ratio]) AS [number_of_physical_cpus]
    ,CASE 
      WHEN hyperthread_ratio = cpu_count
        THEN cpu_count
      ELSE (([cpu_count] - [hyperthread_ratio]) / ([cpu_count] / [hyperthread_ratio]))
      END AS [number_of_cores_per_cpu]
    ,CASE 
      WHEN hyperthread_ratio = cpu_count
        THEN cpu_count
      ELSE ([cpu_count] / [hyperthread_ratio]) * (([cpu_count] - [hyperthread_ratio]) / ([cpu_count] / [hyperthread_ratio]))
      END AS [total_number_of_cores]
    ,[cpu_count] AS [number_of_virtual_cpus]
    ,(
      SELECT [c_val]
      FROM @xp_msver
      WHERE [c_name] = 'Platform'
      ) AS [cpu_category]
  FROM [sys].[dm_os_sys_info]
  )
SELECT [number_of_physical_cpus]
  ,[number_of_cores_per_cpu]
  ,[total_number_of_cores]
  ,[number_of_virtual_cpus]
  ,LTRIM(RIGHT([cpu_category], CHARINDEX('x', [cpu_category]) - 1)) AS [cpu_category]
FROM [ProcessorInfo]
---查看虛擬機CPU信息
DECLARE @xp_msver TABLE (
  [idx] [int] NULL
  ,[c_name] [varchar](100) NULL
  ,[int_val] [float] NULL
  ,[c_val] [varchar](128) NULL
  )
INSERT INTO @xp_msver
EXEC ('[master]..[xp_msver]');;
WITH [ProcessorInfo]
AS (
  SELECT ([cpu_count] / [hyperthread_ratio]) AS [number_of_physical_cpus]
    ,[hyperthread_ratio] AS [number_of_cores_per_cpu]
    ,[cpu_count] AS [total_number_of_cores]
    ,[cpu_count] AS [number_of_virtual_cpus]
    ,(
      SELECT [c_val]
      FROM @xp_msver
      WHERE [c_name] = 'Platform'
      ) AS [cpu_category]
  FROM [sys].[dm_os_sys_info]
  )
SELECT [number_of_physical_cpus]
  ,[number_of_cores_per_cpu]
  ,[total_number_of_cores]
  ,[number_of_virtual_cpus]
  ,LTRIM(RIGHT([cpu_category], CHARINDEX('x', [cpu_category]) - 1)) AS [cpu_category]
FROM [ProcessorInfo]

二：查看數據庫服務器內存的信息

能否通過SQL語句獲取服務器的物理內存大小？內存條型號？虛擬內存大小？內存使用情況？目前我所知道的只能通過SQL語句獲取服務器物理內存大小，內存的使用情況。至于內存條型號，系統虛擬內存大小，暫時好像還無法通過SQL語句獲取。

查看服務器的物理內存情況

如下所示，從sys.dm_os_sys_info里面獲取的physical_memory_in_bytes 或physical_memory_kb 的值總是低于實際物理內存。暫時不清楚具體原因（還未查到相關資料），所以計算大小有出入，要獲取實際的物理內存，就必須借助CEILING函數。

--SQL 1：獲取數據庫服務器物理內存數(適用于所有版本)

 CREATE TABLE #TempTable
  (
   [Index] VARCHAR(2000) ,
   [Name] VARCHAR(2000) ,
   [Internal_Value] VARCHAR(2000) ,
   [Character_Value] VARCHAR(2000)
  );
INSERT INTO #TempTable
    EXEC xp_msver;
SELECT Internal_Value/1024 AS PhysicalMemory
FROM  #TempTable
WHERE  Name = 'PhysicalMemory';
DROP TABLE #TempTable;
GO

---SQL 2：適用于SQL Server 2005、SQL Server 2008

 SELECT CEILING(physical_memory_in_bytes*1.0/1024/1024/1024)  AS [Physical Memory Size]
FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info OPTION (RECOMPILE) 
SELECT physical_memory_in_bytes*1.0/1024/1024/1024
  ,  physical_memory_in_bytes AS [Physical Memory Size]
FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info OPTION (RECOMPILE)

---SQL 3：適用于SQL Server 2012 到 SQL Server 2014

 SELECT CEILING(physical_memory_kb*1.0/1024/1024) AS [Physical Memory Size]
FROM sys.dm_os_sys_info OPTION (RECOMPILE);

---SQL 4：適用于SQL Server 2008以及以上的版本:查看物理內存大小，已經使用的物理內存以及還剩下的物理內存。

SELECT CEILING(total_physical_memory_kb * 1.0 / 1024 / 1024)  AS [Physical Memory Size] 
    ,CAST(available_physical_memory_kb * 1.0 / 1024 / 1024 
                       AS DECIMAL(8, 4)) AS [Unused Physical Memory]
    ,CAST(( total_physical_memory_kb - available_physical_memory_kb ) * 1.0
    / 1024 / 1024 AS DECIMAL(8, 4))              AS [Used Physical Memory]
    ,CAST(system_cache_kb*1.0 / 1024/1024 AS DECIMAL(8, 4)) AS [System Cache Size]
FROM  sys.dm_os_sys_memory

三：查看數據庫服務器硬盤的信息

如下所示，我們可以通過下面腳本獲取服務器的各個磁盤的使用情況。但是無法獲取磁盤的型號、轉速之類的信息。

SET NOCOUNT ON 
DECLARE @Result   INT;
DECLARE @objectInfo   INT;
DECLARE @DriveInfo   CHAR(1);
DECLARE @TotalSize   VARCHAR(20);
DECLARE @OutDrive   INT;
DECLARE @UnitMB   BIGINT;
DECLARE @FreeRat   FLOAT;
SET @UnitMB = 1048576;
--創建臨時表保存服務器磁盤容量信息
CREATE TABLE #DiskCapacity
(
[DiskCD]   CHAR(1) ,
FreeSize   INT   ,
TotalSize   INT  
);
INSERT #DiskCapacity([DiskCD], FreeSize ) 
EXEC master.dbo.xp_fixeddrives;
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;
EXEC sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 1;
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;
EXEC @Result = master.sys.sp_OACreate 'Scripting.FileSystemObject',@objectInfo OUT;
DECLARE CR_DiskInfo CURSOR LOCAL FAST_FORWARD
FOR 
SELECT DiskCD FROM #DiskCapacity
ORDER by DiskCD
OPEN CR_DiskInfo;
FETCH NEXT FROM CR_DiskInfo INTO @DriveInfo
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
EXEC @Result = sp_OAMethod @objectInfo,'GetDrive', @OutDrive OUT, @DriveInfo
EXEC @Result = sp_OAGetProperty @OutDrive,'TotalSize', @TotalSize OUT
UPDATE #DiskCapacity
SET TotalSize=@TotalSize/@UnitMB
WHERE DiskCD=@DriveInfo
FETCH NEXT FROM CR_DiskInfo INTO @DriveInfo
END
CLOSE CR_DiskInfo
DEALLOCATE CR_DiskInfo;
EXEC @Result=sp_OADestroy @objectInfo
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;
EXEC sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 0;
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 0
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;
SELECT DiskCD   AS [Drive CD]   , 
  STR(TotalSize*1.0/1024,6,2)   AS [Total Size(GB)] ,
  STR((TotalSize - FreeSize)*1.0/1024,6,2)   AS [Used Space(GB)] ,
  STR(FreeSize*1.0/1024,6,2)   AS [Free Space(GB)] ,
  STR(( TotalSize - FreeSize)*1.0/(TotalSize)* 100.0,6,2) AS [Used Rate(%)]  ,
  STR(( FreeSize * 1.0/ ( TotalSize ) ) * 100.0,6,2)    AS [Free Rate(%)]
FROM #DiskCapacity;
DROP TABLE #DiskCapacity;

四：查看操作系統信息

通過下面SQL語句，我們可以查看操作系統版本、補丁、語言等信息

--創建臨時表保存語言版本信息
CREATE TABLE #Language
(
[LanguageDtl]      NVARCHAR(64) ,
[os_language_version]  INT
);
INSERT INTO #Language
SELECT 'English - United States'       ,1033 UNION ALL
SELECT 'English - United Kingdom'       ,2057 UNION ALL
SELECT 'Chinese - People''s Republic of China',2052 UNION ALL
SELECT 'Chinese - Singapore'         ,4100 UNION ALL
SELECT 'Chinese - Taiwan'           ,1028 UNION ALL
SELECT 'Chinese - Hong Kong SAR'       ,3076 UNION ALL
SELECT 'Chinese - Macao SAR'         ,5124;
WITH SystemVersion(SystemInfo,ReleaseNo)
AS
(
SELECT 'Windows 10' ,
    '10.0*'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview' ,
    '10.0*'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows 8.1' ,
    '6.3*'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows Server 2012 R2' ,
    '6.3'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows 8' ,
    '6.2'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows Server 2012' ,
    '6.2'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows 7' ,
    '6.1'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows Server 2008 R2' ,
    '6.1'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows Server 2008' ,
    '6.0'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows Vista' ,
    '6.0'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows Server 2003 R2' ,
    '5.2'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows Server 2003' ,
    '5.2'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows XP 64-Bit Edition' ,
    '5.2'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows XP' ,
    '5.1'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'Windows 2000' ,
    '5.0'
)    
SELECT s.SystemInfo 
   ,w.windows_service_pack_level
   ,l.LanguageDtl
FROM sys.dm_os_windows_info w
INNER JOIN SystemVersion s ON w.windows_release=s.ReleaseNo
INNER JOIN #Language l ON l.os_language_version = w.os_language_version;
DROP TABLE #Language;

注意：

1：如上所示，臨時表#Language的數據此處只列了幾條常用的數據，如需全部數據，參考https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-CN/goglobal/bb964664.aspx自行補充。

2：操作系統的版本信息的數據來源于https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-CN/library/ms724832(VS.85).aspx

有可能出現不同操作系統具有相同Version number值，例如Windows 7 和Windows Server 2008 R2的Version numberd都為6.1。導致下面查詢結果出現多條記錄（如下所示）。一般要酌情判斷（如果生產服務器都為Windows服務器，可以剔除Windows XP、Windows 7這類數據）。

ps:使用SQL語句獲得服務器名稱和IP地址

使用SQL語句獲得服務器名稱和IP地址獲取服務器名稱：

SELECT SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName')
select @@SERVERNAME
select HOST_NAME()

獲取IP地址可以使用xp_cmdshell執行ipconfig命令：

--開啟xp_cmdshell 
exec sp_configure'show advanced options', 1 
reconfigure with override 
exec sp_configure'xp_cmdshell', 1 
reconfigure with override 
exec sp_configure'show advanced options', 0 
reconfigure with override 
go 
begin 
declare @ipline varchar(200) 
declare @pos int 
declare @ip varchar(40) 
set nocount on 
set @ip = null 
  if object_id('tempdb..#temp') is not null drop table #temp 
  create table #temp(ipline varchar(200)) 
  insert #temp exec master..xp_cmdshell'ipconfig' 
  select @ipline = ipline 
  from #temp 
  where upper(ipline) like '%IPv4 地址%'--這里需要注意一下，系統不同這里的匹配值就不同 
  if @ipline is not null 
  begin 
    set @pos = charindex(':',@ipline,1); 
    set @ip = rtrim(ltrim(substring(@ipline , 
    @pos + 1 , 
    len(@ipline) - @pos))) 
  end 
  select distinct(rtrim(ltrim(substring(@ipline , 
  @pos + 1 , 
  len(@ipline) - @pos)))) as ipaddress from #temp 
drop table #temp 
set nocount off 
end 
go

但是很多情況下由于安全問題是不允許使用xp_cmdshell，可以通過查詢SYS.DM_EXEC_CONNECTIONS ：

SELECT SERVERNAME = CONVERT(NVARCHAR(128),SERVERPROPERTY('SERVERNAME')) 
,LOCAL_NET_ADDRESS AS 'IPAddressOfSQLServer'
,CLIENT_NET_ADDRESS AS 'ClientIPAddress'
 FROM SYS.DM_EXEC_CONNECTIONS WHERE SESSION_ID = @@SPID

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