一、類型
數組是值類型，將一個數組賦值給另一個數組時，傳遞的是一份拷貝。
切片是引用類型，切片包裝的數組稱為該切片的底層數組。
我們來看一段代碼
//a是一個數組，注意數組是一個固定長度的，初始化時候必須要指定長度，不指定長度的話就是切片了
a := [3]int{1, 2, 3}
//b是數組，是a的一份拷貝
b := a
//c是切片，是引用類型，底層數組是a
c := a[:]
for i := 0; i len(a); i++ {
a[i] = a[i] + 1
}
//改變a的值后，b是a的拷貝，b不變，c是引用，c的值改變
fmt.Println(a) //[2,3,4]
fmt.Println(b) //[1 2 3]
fmt.Println(c) //[2,3,4]
二、make
make 只能用于slice, map 和 channel, 所以下面一段代碼生成了一個slice，是引用類型
s1 := make([]int, 0, 3)
for i := 0; i cap(s1); i++ {
s1 = append(s1, i)
}
s2 := s1
for i := 0; i len(a); i++ {
s1[i] = s1[i] + 1
}
fmt.Println(s1) //[1 2 3]
fmt.Println(s2) //[1 2 3]
三、當對slice append 超出底層數組的界限時
//n1是n2的底層數組
n1 := [3]int{1, 2, 3}
n2 := n1[0:3]
fmt.Println("address of items in n1: ")
for i := 0; i len(n1); i++ {
fmt.Printf("%p\n", n1[i])
}
//address of items in n1:
//0xc20801e160
//0xc20801e168
//0xc20801e170
fmt.Println("address of items in n2: ")
for i := 0; i len(n2); i++ {
fmt.Printf("%p\n", n2[i])
}
//address of items in n2:
//0xc20801e160
//0xc20801e168
//0xc20801e170
//對n2執行append操作后，n2超出了底層數組n1的j
n2 = append(n2, 1)
fmt.Println("address of items in n1: ")
for i := 0; i len(n1); i++ {
fmt.Printf("%p\n", n1[i])
}
//address of items in n1:
//0xc20801e160
//0xc20801e168
//0xc20801e170
fmt.Println("address of items in n2: ")
for i := 0; i len(n2); i++ {
fmt.Printf("%p\n", n2[i])
}
//address of items in n2:
//0xc20803a2d0
//0xc20803a2d8
//0xc20803a2e0
//0xc20803a2e8
四、引用“失效”
實現了刪除slice最后一個item的函數
func rmLast(a []int) {
fmt.Printf("[rmlast] the address of a is %p", a)
a = a[:len(a)-1]
fmt.Printf("[rmlast] after remove, the address of a is %p", a)
}
調用此函數后，發現原來的slice并沒有改變
func main() {
xyz := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
fmt.Printf("[main] the address of xyz is %p\n", xyz)
rmLast(xyz)
fmt.Printf("[main] after remove, the address of xyz is %p\n", xyz)
fmt.Printf("%v", xyz) //[1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
}
打印出來的結果如下：
[main] the address of xyz is 0xc2080365f0
[rmlast] the address of a is 0xc2080365f0
[rmlast] after remove, the address of a is 0xc2080365f0
[main] after remove, the address of xyz is 0xc2080365f0
[1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
這里直接打印了slice的指針值，因為slice是引用類型，所以指針值都是相同的，我們換成打印slice的地址看下
func rmLast(a []int) {
fmt.Printf("[rmlast] the address of a is %p", a)
a = a[:len(a)-1]
fmt.Printf("[rmlast] after remove, the address of a is %p", a)
}
func main() {
xyz := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
fmt.Printf("[main] the address of xyz is %p\n", xyz)
rmLast(xyz)
fmt.Printf("[main] after remove, the address of xyz is %p\n", xyz)
fmt.Printf("%v", xyz) //[1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
}
結果：
[main] the address of xyz is 0xc20801e1e0
[rmlast] the address of a is 0xc20801e200
[rmlast] after remove, the address of a is 0xc20801e200
[main] after remove, the address of xyz is 0xc20801e1e0
[1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
這次可以看到slice作為函數參數傳入函數時，實際上也是拷貝了一份slice，因為slice本身是個指針，所以從現象來看，slice是引用類型
總結
以上就是這篇文章的全部內容，希望對大家的學習或者工作帶來一定的幫助，如果有疑問大家可以留言交流。
您可能感興趣的文章:- 簡單聊一聊Go語言中的數組和切片
- go特性之數組與切片的問題
- GO語言數組和切片實例詳解
- 理解Golang中的數組（array）、切片（slice）和map
- 淺談Go數組比切片好在哪
